Basic Idea of Human Evolution Class-10 Long Questions Goyal Brothers ICSE Biology Solutions Ch-14. We Provide Solutions of long Answer Questions of Exercise-14 Basic Idea of Human Evolution. All solutions are given as council prescribe guideline for next upcoming exam. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-10 Biology.
Basic Idea of Human Evolution Long Questions
(Goyal Brothers ICSE Biology Solutions Ch-14)
| Board | ICSE |
| Publications | Goyal Brothers publications |
| Subject | Biology |
| Class | 10th |
| Writer | Dr. K.K. Aggrawal |
| Chapter-14 | Basic Idea of Human Evolution |
| Topics | Solutions of Long Answer Questions |
| Edition | for 2023-2024 Academic Session |
D. Long Answer Questions
Basic Idea of Human Evolution Class-10 Long Questions Goyal Brothers ICSE Biology Solutions Ch-14
Question: 1. Identify the given pictures of ancestors of modern men. Write about their specific features.
Answer: The sequence of stages in the evolution of modern man is Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Neanderthal man, Cro-Magnon man and modern man. The earliest Homo sapiens were Neanderthal man and earliest Homo sapiens sapiens were Cro-Magnon man. Homo erectus were the first erect ape man. The Home erectus gradually evolved into the Homo Sapiens. Cro-Magnon man are considered extinct modern man.
Question: 2. Explain the effect of use of organs by giving example of giraffe.
Answer: Lamarckism is also known as ‘the theory of use and disuse’. Lamarck suggested that changing environments lead to changes in the use or disuse of a body part/organ. These changes would be inherited by the offspring. He explained this theory using the example of giraffes, which were originally short-necked animals, but through continuous attempts to reach out to higher trees for leaves to eat, kept exerting pressure on their necks. Over generations, the length of the neck kept increasing, eventually resulting in the present day long-necked giraffes.
Question: 3. How do the vestigial organs become functionless? Describe about three vestigial organs present in humans.
Answer: Vestigial structures are often referred to as vestigial organs, though not all of them are actually organs. Although the structures most commonly referred to as “vestigial” tend to be largely or entirely functionless, a vestigial structure need not necessarily be without use or function for the organism.
Following are a three examples of vestigial organs:-
Sinuses:- Human cheekbones hold the maxillary sinuses. The face consists of pockets of air called sinuses. They are lined by a thin layer of mucosa. It has no significant use but infection can lead to sinusitis.
Appendix:- It is one of the most commonly known vestigial organs. This finger-like tube closed at one end arises from the vermiform process. In prime ancestors, the appendix is believed to have brought about the digestion of cellulose. Today, scientists predict that the appendix may play a role in digestion by bacteria.
Coccyx:- It forms the last part of the vertebral column, the residue of the lost tail and is often termed as the tailbone. It is observed during human embryogenesis. This formed as the centerpiece of the ‘theory of recapitulation’.
Question: 4. Who is named as Homo sapiens sapiens? Give its characteristic features.
Answer: Homo sapiens sapiens is the name given to our species if we are considered a sub-species of a larger group. This name is used by those that describe the specimen from Hereto, Ethiopia as Homo sapiens Idalou or by those who believed that modern humans and the Neanderthals were members of the same species.
Question: 5. Who proposed the ‘Theory of Natural Selection’? Explain in brief about ‘Survival of the Fittest’ by giving an example of Peppered-moths.
Answer: The theory of natural selection was explored by 19th-century naturalist Charles Darwin. Natural selection explains how genetic traits of a species may change over time. This may lead to speciation, the formation of a distinct new species.
As the industrial revolution progressed, the tree trunks became covered with soot and over a period of 45 years, the dark variety of the peppered moth became more common than the light.” This is, of course, due to the higher survival rate of the dark moth because of its ability to blend into the soot-covered trees.
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