Atomic Structure Class-7 Dalal Simplified ICSE Chemistry Solutions Chapter-4

Atomic Structure Class-7 Dalal Simplified ICSE Chemistry Solutions Chapter-4 Dr Viraf J Dalal Middle School Allied Publishers Solutions. Chapter-4. We Provide Step by Step Solutions of Exercise/Lesson -4  Questions and Answers of Dr Viraf J Dalal Middle School Chemistry Allied Publishers. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-7.

Atomic Structure Class-7 Dalal Simplified ICSE Chemistry Solutions Chapter-4

Board	ICSE
Class	7th
Subject	Chemistry
Book Name	Dalal New Simplified
Chapter-4	Atomic Structure
Unit-1	Atomic Structure
Topic	Solution of exercise questions
Session	2023-24

Exercise – 1

Atomic Structure Class-7 Dalal Simplified ICSE Chemistry Solutions Chapter-4

Question 1. State the meaning of the term – (a) atom (b) molecule (c) radical – with a suitable example.

Answer 1: Atom – The basic/smallest unit of matter which cannot be broken into more simpler particles.

Molecule – The smallest particle of a substance which can exist independently and retain properties of the substance.

Radical – An atom/ group of atoms which has charge

Question 2. Draw the basic structure of an atom representing its –

(a) Subatomic particles

(b) Nucleus

(c) Orbits or shells.

Answer- 2: Diagram showing basic structure of atom

Question -3. In the Modern Periodic Table – atoms of all elements are arranged according to the their increasing order of – atomic numbers. An atom of nitrogen has seven protons and seven electrons. State what would be its atomic number.

Answer 3: Atomic number [Z]

Z = No. of protons [p]

Z = No. of electrons [e]

Z = 7 = 7  (No of Proton=7 given)

Hence Atomic number = 7

Question 4. State the main points of contradiction of Dalton’s atomic theory by the Modern Atomic Theory.

Answer 4: The main postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory are:

1. The matter is made up of indivisible particles known as atoms.
2. The properties of all the atoms of a given element are the same including mass. This can also be stated as all the atoms of an element have identical mass while the atoms of different elements have different masses.( ₁¹H, ²₁ H,³₁H ) Isotopes
3. Atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.
4. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed. This implies that during chemical reactions, no atoms are created nor destroyed.
5. The formation of new products (compounds) results from the rearrangement of existing atoms (reactants).
6. Atoms of an element are identical in mass, size and many other chemical or physical properties, but atoms of two-different elements differ in mass, size, and many other chemical or physical properties.

The modern atomic theory contradicts dalton’s atomic theory :

7. Atoms are divisible into protons, neutrons, electrons.
8. Atoms of the same element have different properties, such atoms are isotopes.
9. Atoms of different elements have the same properties, such atoms are isobars.
10. Atoms can combine in any ratio and not just whole numbers.

Question 5. ‘Atoms of the same element or different of Dalton’s atomic theory by the Modern Atomic Theory. Give two examples each of –
(a) Atoms of the same element

(b) Atoms of different elements combining to form a molecule.

Answer 5: (a) Atoms of the same element or different elements combine to form a molecule.

(b) A molecule is the smallest particle of a pure substance – element or compound

1. which can exist independently and
2. retain the physical & chemical properties of the substance.

Question 6. Explain the term – ‘atomicity’. Give a reason why –
(a) Helium is considered monoatomic, but hydrogen a diatomic molecule.

(b) Ozone is considered triatomic, but phosphorus a tetratomic molecule.

Answer 6: Atomicity —Atomicity is the number of atoms that make a molecule of an element.

(a) Helium is considered mono-atomic because it has 1 atom in its molecule, hydrogen is considered diatomic because it has 2 atoms of hydrogen in its molecule.

(b) Ozone is considered triatomic because it has 3 atoms of oxygen, phosphorus is considered tetratomic because it has 4 atoms in its molecule.

Question 7. State the atomicity of the following:

(a) Neon

Answer: (a) Mono-atomic

(b) Oxygen

Answer: (b) Di-atomic

(c) Chlorine

Answer: (c) Di-atomic

(d) Argon

Answer: (d) Mono-atomic

(e) Sulphur

Answer: (e) Poly-atomic

Question 8. ‘A radical takes part – unsplit in a chemical reaction and retains its identity in reactions’. With reference to the radical – (a) ammonium (b) bisulphate (c) carbonate – state the group of atoms present in each radical.
Answer 8:

Radical	Representattion	Group of atoms present in a radical
a. Ammonium	NH4+	1 atom of nitrogen; 4 atom of hydrogen
b. Bisulphate	HSO41−	1 atom of hydrogen and sulphur; 4 atoms of oxygen
c. Carbonate	CO3− −	1 atom of carbon; 3 atoms of oxygen

 

Question 9. Differentiate between the following with suitable examples- A basic radical and a acid radical

Answer 9: The positive part of a radical is called basic radical and the negative part of a radical is called acid radical. Basic radical can be a metal while acid radical can be Non- Metal.

Example –

In Sodium Chloride  Compound

Basic radical – Sodium

Acid radical – Chloride

In Ammonium Hydroxide – Compound

Basic radical – Ammonium

Acid radical – Hydroxide

Question 10. Name the cation and the anion in the salt – calcium sulphate.

Answer 10: In a salt of calcium sulphate the positive and negative parts exist as ions.

1. The positively charged ions are called – cations. Ca¹⁺
   
2. The negative charged ions are called – anions. S0₄^1-

Question: 11. Explain the term – ‘valency’. State giving reasons the valency of –

(a) Chlorine in hydrogen chloride
(b) Sulphate in sulphuric acid
(c) Nitrogen in ammonia
(d) Magnesium in magnesium oxide

Answer 11: Valency is the number of hydrogen atoms that combine or displace with another atom to form a compound.

1. One atom of hydrogen combines with one atom of chlorine to form HCl, Hence the valency of chlorine in this case is 1.
2. Two atoms of hydrogen combine with one radical of sulphate to form H2SO4, the valency of sulphate is 2.
3. Three atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of nitrogen to form NH3, the valency of nitrogen in this case is 3.
4. Valency of magnesium in MgO is 2, as it needs 2 oxygen atoms to form magnesium oxide.

Question 12. Give the symbol and valency of the following elements and radicals.

1. Potassium

2. Sodium

3. Hydrogen

4. Calcium

5. Aluminium

6. Magnesium

7. Zinc

8. Chlorine

9. Sulphur

10. Nitrogen

11. Oxygen

12. Ammonium

13. Bicarbonate

14. Nitrate

15. Bisulphate

16. Bisulphite

17. Hydroxide

18. Carbonate

19. Sulphate

20. Sulphite

Answer 12:

Elements/Radicals	Symbol	Valency
1. Potassium	K	1
2. Sodium	Na	1
3. Hydrogen	H	1
4. Calcium	Ca	2
5. Aluminium	Al	3
6. Magnesium	Mg	2
7. Zinc	Zn	2
8. Chlorine	Cl	1
9. Sulphur	S	2
10. Nitrogen	N	3
11. Oxygen	O	2
12. Ammonium	NH4+	1
13. Bicarbonate	HCO3-	1
14. Nitrate	NO3-	1
15. Bisulphate		1
16. Bisulphite		1
17. hydroxide	OH-	1
18. carbonate	CO3-	2
19. Sulphate	SO3-2	2
20. sulphite	S-	2

 

Question 13. Give an example of three elements exhibiting variable valency.

Answer 13: Three examples of elements exhibiting variable valency:

1. Tin (Sn) has valency 2 or 4
2. Iron (Fe) can show a valency of 2 and 3.
3. Copper (Cu) can show a valency of 1 and 2.

Question 14. State what is meant by the term – ‘chemical formula. Give the chemical formula of –

(a) sodium hydroxide

(b) sodium nitrate

(c) sodium bicarbonate
(d) sodium sulphite

(e) magnesium nitrate

(f) ammonium sulphate
(g) carbonic acid

(h) calcium phosphate

Answer 14: The Symbolic representation of a substance by means of symbols is  called Chemical formula

(writing Radicle with charge and inter change the value by cris cross)

(a) Sodium hydroxide

(b) Sodium nitrate

(c) Sodium bicarbonate

(d) Sodium sulphite

(e) Magnesium nitrate

(f) Ammonium sulphate

(g) Carbonic acid

(h) Calcium phosphate

Question 15. ‘Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide’. Give a word equation and a molecular equation of the same. Is the equation written, a balanced equation. Give reasons.

Answer 15: Word equation of statement : – ‘Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide’
Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid -> sodium chloride + water
Molecular equation of statement : – ‘Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide’

NaOH + HCl —–> NaCl + H₂0
No. of atoms of each element of reactant/s = No. of atoms of each element of product/s.
Therefore, the above equation is said to be balanced equation.

Question 16. State what the group number in the Modern Periodic Table signifies. Give a reason why elements in the same group, have similar valency & similar chemical properties.

Answer 16: Group number signifies the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom of the element.

1. Number of electrons in the outer shell of all elements in a group is the same.
2. Hence all elements in the same group of the periodic table have same ‘Valency’ and similar ‘Chemical properties’.

– : End of Atomic Structure Class-7 Dalal Simplified Solutions :–

Return to –  Dalal Simplified Chemistry for ICSE Class-7 Solutions

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