Genetics Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions Ch-3. We Provide Solutions of Test yourself , MCQs, Very Short Answer Type, Short Answer Type Questions of Exercise-3 Genetics. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-10 Biology.
Ch-3 Genetics Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions
| Board | ICSE |
| Publications | Goyal Brothers publications |
| Subject | Biology |
| Class | 10th |
| Writer | Dr. K.K. Aggrawal |
| Chapter-3 | Genetics |
| Topics | Solutions of MCQ, Very short and Short type questions |
| Edition | For 2022-2023 Academic Session |
Note :- Before Viewing Goyal Brothers Solutions of Chapter-3 Genetics. Read the whole chapter carefully with figure. Make a self written notes including law of Mendel, monohybrid and dihybrid cross , phenotype, genotype sex determination and x linked disease.
Test Yourself-1
Ch-3 Genetics Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions
(Page-34)
Name the following :
(a) The progeny produced as a result of sexual reproduction
(b) Alternative forms of a gene.
(c) The allele that fails to express.
(d) The unit of inheritance.
(e) The physical expression of a trait.
Answer :
(a) Moreover, in the sexual mode of reproduction, the offspring’s have genetic material of both the parents. Male and female gametes fuse during the sexual mode of reproduction and form a zygote which then develops to form an embryo
(b) Alternative forms of a given gene are called alleles,
(c) When an allele fails to express itself in presence of the other allele,it is said to be recessive
(d) The unit of inheritance is the gene.
(e) phenotype
Test Yourself-2
Ch-3 Genetics Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions
(Page-38)
1. Write one example of each :
(a) X-linked inheritance in human
(b) Y-linked inheritance in human
(c) XY-linked inheritance in human
Answer :
(a) In humans, the alleles for certain conditions (including some forms of color blindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy) are X-linked
(b) Hypertrichosis of the ears, webbed toes, and porcupine man are examples of Y-linked inheritance in humans. Hypertrichosis of the ears (or hairy ears) is a condition wherein there is a conspicuous growth of hair on the outside rim of the ear
(c) sex is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes: XY in males and XX in females. Genes on the X chromosome are said to be X-linked. X-linked genes have distinctive inheritance patterns because they are present in different numbers in females (XX) and males (XY)
2. Which of the following are dominant forms of hereditary traits in humans ? (Tick mark the correct ones ):
(a) Curly hair
(b) Blue eyes
(c) Thin lips
(d) Dimpled cheeks
(e) Rolling tongue
(f) Dark skin colour
Answer :
(a) dominant
(b) Recessive
(c) Recessive
(d) dominant
(e) dominant
(f) Recessive
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
Ch-3 Genetics Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions
(Page-40)
Choose the most Appropriate Answer
1. The recessive gene is one that expresses in
(a) Heterozygous condition
(b) Homozygous condition
(c) F2 generation
(d) Y-linked inheritance
Answer : (b) Homozygous condition
2. Reasons behind selection of pea plant by Mendel were
(a) Variation
(b) Bisexual
(c) Unisexual
(d) Both ‘a and ‘b
Answer : (d) Both ‘a and ‘b
3. The cell component visible only during cell division
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Chloroplast
(c) Chromosome
(d) Chromatin
Answer : (c) Chromosome
4. Human stature is the example of
(a) Polygenic trait
(b) Monogenic trait
(c) Bigenic trait
(d) Codominance
Answer : (b) Monogenic trait
B. VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Ch-3 Genetics Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions
(Page-40)
Question 1. Name the following :
(i) The physical expression of genes in an individual.
(ii) The suppressed allele of a gene.
(iii) A pair of genes responsible for a particular characteristic in an individual.
(iv) Transmits characteristics from parent to offspring.
(v) A specific part of a chromosome that determines hereditary characteristics.
(vi) A pair of chromosomes carrying dissimilar alleles for a particular character.
(vii) The type of gene, which in the presence of a contrasting allele is not expressed.
Answer :
(i) Phenotype the physical expression of genes in an individual.
(iii) The pair of genes responsible for a particular characteristic in an individual are termed as alleles
(iv) DNA is the structure that transmits characteristics from parent to offspring
(v) A specific part of chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics is Gene.
(vi) Pair of chromosomes carrying dissimilar alleles for a particular character– heterozygous/non-homologous chromosomes
(vii) Recessive the type of gene which in the presence of a contrasting allele is not expressed.
(i) De Vries, Correus and Tschermark independently rediscovered Mendel’s work.
(ii) Mendel observed only five traits in pea plant.
(iii) Pea plants can not self-pollinate.
(iv) Snapdragon gives the example of intermediate expression.
(v) Hypertrichosis is X-linked
(vi) The number of pairs of autosomes in man is 22.
(vii) Chromosomes other than the pair of sex chromosomes are called alleles.
Answer :
(i) True
(ii) False
(iii) True
(iv) True
(v) True
(vi) True
(vii) False
C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
Ch-3 Genetics Goyal Brothers Prakashan ICSE Class-10 Biology Solutions
(Page-40)
Questions 1: Define the following:
(i) Sex Iinkage
(ii) Recessive allele
(iii) Phenotype (2008)
(iv) Homorygous
(v) Genes
(vi) Allele
Answer :
(i) Sex linkage applies to genes that are located on the sex chromosomes. These genes are considered sex-linked because their expression and inheritance patterns differ between males and females. While sex linkage is not the same as genetic linkage, sex-linked genes can be genetically linked (see bottom of page).
(ii) The trait which cannot express its effect over contrasting trait or which gets suppressed by the contrasting trait is called a recessive trait. It is expressed only when two copies of an allele for a particular character in the gene are present, i.e., it is expressed in the homozygous condition and in the absence of corresponding dominant trait.
(iii) Phenotype refers to the sum of a living organism’s observable characteristics. In biology, a phenotype is defined as the observable traits or characteristics of an organism which is the result of the interaction of genes and environmental factors
(iv) Homozygous refers to a cell that has two identical alleles for a single trait form both the father and mother cell.
(v) Genes are the specific parts of a chromosome (DNA segment) which determine the hereditary characteristics
(vi) Alleles are a pair of genes that occupy a specific location on a particular chromosome and control the same trait. Alleles may appear in pairs or in multiple forms of alleles, which affect a specific trait of the offspring. Locus is the location where a gene is found on a chromosome
Questions 2: Differentiate between the following:
(i) Test cross and back cross
(ii) Monohybrid and dihybrid cross
(iii) X-linked and Y-linked inheritance
(iv) Law of segregation and law of independent assortment
(v) Pure and hybrid strains
(vi) Genotype and phenotype
Answer :
(i) Differentiate between Test cross and back cross
| Test cross | Back cross |
| 1. It is a cross between the F1 individual and the recessive parent. 2. It is used to know the genotype of F1 individuals whether homozygous or heterozygous. 3. All test crosses are considered backcrosses. |
1. It is a cross between the F1 individual and either of the 2 parents. 2. It is used to improve a variety or breed by making a number of backcrosses. 3. All backcrosses are not considered test crosses. |
(ii) Differentiate Between Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross
| Dihybrid cross | Monohybrid cross |
| It is a cross between two pure lines or organisms to study the inheritance of two pairs of contrasting characters. | It’s a cross between two pure lines or organisms to study the inheritance of a single pair of contrasting characters. |
| The cross is carried out between individuals with different alleles for two gene loci of interest. | The cross is carried out between homozygous individuals with different alleles for a single gene locus of interest. |
| The phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation is 9:3: 3:1 | The phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation is 3:1 |
| The genotypic ratio in the F2 generation is 1:2:2:4:1:2:1:2:1 | The genotypic ratio in the F2 generation is 1:2:1 |
| The test cross-ratio is 1:1 | The test cross-ratio is 1:1:1:1 |
| It is important to assess the independent assortment of alleles. | It Is important to determine the dominant relationship between alleles |
(iii) A characteristic of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass X-linked traits to their sons (no male-to-male transmission). A condition is considered Y-linked if the altered gene that causes the disorder is located on the Y chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes in each of a male’s cells.
(iv) The law of segregation describes how alleles of a gene are segregated into two gametes and reunite after fertilization. The law of independent assortment describes how alleles of different genes independently segregate from each other during the formation of gametes
(v) Strain is defined as a variant or slightly different type of same bacteria, plant or virus. A pure strain is a strain containing only a single type of genetic material (of its own) within it. While, a hybrid strain posses more than one type of gene or it would be a recombination of genes (hybrid form) within it
(vi) The sum of an organism’s observable characteristics is their phenotype. A key difference between phenotype and genotype is that, whilst genotype is inherited from an organism’s parents, the phenotype is not. Whilst a phenotype is influenced the genotype, genotype does not equal phenotype
Questions 3: Answer the following:
(i) What is a unit factor of heredity?
(i) What is a true breeding plant?
(i) What is heredity?
(iv) Give the botanical name of the plant on which Mendel worked.
(v) Mendel studied seven traits in garden pea Which one or more of the following were recessive: Wrinkled seeds, axillary flower, yellow pod.
(vi) Gametes are always pure. Comment
(vii) What is a dihybrid cross?
Answer :
(i) Genes are the basic functional units of heredity. Genes are a small stretch of DNA present on chromosomes.
(ii) A true breeding plant (pureline) has homozygcus genes for a character (e.g. TT for tall or tt for dwarf). It always produces offsprings which are true (pure) for its characters
(iii) The transmission of characters or traits from parents to their offspring (children) is termed as heredity. Genetics is the study of heredity and other variations. Those organisms that are identical copies of one another are termed as clones.
(iv) Mendel carried out his key experiments using the garden pea, Pisum sativum, as a model system. Pea plants make a convenient system for studies of inheritance, and they are still studied by some geneticists today
(v) The wrinkled seed character is recessive in garden pea plants.
(vi) Gametes are always pure because gametes are haploid. They do not possess homologous chromosomes instead they possess one chromosome of each type and it is either dominant or recessive. For example: a gamete possesses a “tall” allele of a gene responsible for the growth of plant
(vii) A dihybrid cross is a breeding experiment between two organisms which are identical hybrids for two traits. In other words, a dihybrid cross is a cross between two organisms, with both being heterozygous for two different traits. The individuals in this type of trait are homozygous for a specific trait
— : End of Genetics Class-10 Goyal Brothers Questions ICSE Solutions :–
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