Probability ISC Class-11 Understanding Maths ML Aggarwal Solutions

Probability ISC Class-11 Understanding Maths ML Aggarwal Solutions Chapter-15. Step by step Solutions of ML Aggarwal ISC Class-11 Mathematics with Exe-1, Exe-2, Exe-3, Exe-4, and Chapter Test Questions. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ISC Board Class-11 Mathematics.

Probability ISC Class-11 Understanding Maths ML Aggarwal Solutions

Board	ISC
Class	11
Subject	Mathematics
Chapter-15	Probability
Session	2024-25
Topics	Solutions of ML Aggarwal

Probability

Probability ISC Class-11 Understanding Maths ML Aggarwal Solutions Chapter-15

• An experiment is said to be a random experiment if there is more than one possible outcome, and it is impossible to predict the outcome in advance.
• All possible results of an experiment are called its outcomes.
• Let us consider an experiment of rolling a die. All possible outcomes are 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1. The set of all these outcomes {6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1} is known as the sample space and is denoted by ‘S’.
• Let us consider an experiment of tossing Two coins once. Since the coin can turn up Tail or Head,

Events in Probability

As defined above, the set of all possible outcomes is known as the Sample space. All elements of a sample space are known as Sample points. An event is a subset of the S (sample space). An empty set is also known as the Impossible event. Event A′ is known as Complementary event A

equally likely outcomes

All outcomes with equal probability are called equally likely outcomes. Let S be a finite sample space with equally likely outcomes and A be the event. Therefore, the probability of event A is: P(A) = n(A)/n(S)
Where n(A) = Number of elements on the set A n(S) = Total number of outcomes or the number of elements in the sample space S

Axiomatic Approach to Probability

The axiomatic approach is a different way of defining the probability of an event. In this method, some axioms or rules are depicted to indicate possibilities

Probability of an event:

For a finite sample space with equally likely outcomes  Probability of an event P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

Types of Events

Impossible and sure events: The empty set Φ and the sample space S describes events. Intact Φ is called the impossible event and S i.e. whole sample space is called sure event

Simple or elementary event: Each outcome of a random experiment is called an elementary event

Compound events: If an event has more than one outcome is called compound events

Complementary events: Given an event A, the complement of A is the event consisting of all sample space outcomes that do not correspond to the occurrence of A

Mutually Exclusive Events: Two events A and B of a sample space S are mutually exclusive if the occurrence of any one of them excludes the occurrence of the other event. Hence, the two events A and B cannot occur simultaneously and thus P(A ∩ B) = 0.

Exhaustive Events: If E₁, E₂,…….., E_n are n events of a sample space S and if E₁ ∪ E₂ ∪ E₃ ∪………. ∪ E_n = S, then E₁, E₂,……… E₃ are called exhaustive events

Probability Function: Let S = (w₁, w₂,…… w_n) be the sample space associated with a random experiment. Then, a function p which assigns every event A ⊂ S to a unique non-negative real number P(A) is called the probability function.
It follows the axioms hold

Addition Rule of Probabilities

If A and B are two events associated with a random experiment, then
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
Similarly, for three events A, B, and C, we have
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(A ∩ B) – P(A ∩ C) – P(B ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)

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Exe-15.1

Probability ISC Class-11 Understanding Maths ML Aggarwal Solutions Chapter-15

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Exe-15.2

Probability ISC Class-11 Maths  Solutions Chapter-15

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Exe-15.3

Probability ISC Class-11 Solutions Chapter-15

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Exe-15.4

Ch-15 Probability ISC Class-11 Maths Solutions

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Chapter Test

Probability ISC Class-11 Understanding Maths ML Aggarwal Solutions Chapter-15

— End of Probability ISC Class-11 Understanding Maths ML Aggarwal Solutions Chapter-15  :–

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