Congruence of Triangles Class-7 ML Aggarwal ICSE Maths Solutions Chapter-12. We provide step by step Solutions of Exercise / lesson-12 Congruence of Triangles  ICSE Class-7th ML Aggarwal Maths.

Our Solutions contain all type Questions with Exe-12.1 , Exe-12.2,  Objective Type Questions ( including Mental Maths Multiple Choice Questions , HOTS ) and Check Your Progress to develop skill and confidence. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-7 Mathematics.

## Congruence of Triangles Class-7 ML Aggarwal ICSE Maths Solutions Chapter-12

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Exercise 12.1 ,

Exercise-12.2,

Objective Type Questions,

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HOTS

### Ex 12.1, Congruence of Triangles Class-7 ML Aggarwal ICSE Maths Solutions

Question 1.
If ΔABC and ΔDEF are congruent under the correspondence ABC ↔ FED, write all the corresponding congruent parts of the triangles.

ΔABC and ΔDEF are congruent
under the correspondence, ABC ↔ FED

∠A ↔ ∠F, ∠B ↔ ∠E, ∠C ↔ ∠D
AB ↔ FE, BC ↔ ED and AC ↔ FD

Question 2.
If ΔDEF = ΔBCA, then write the part(s) of ΔBCA that correspond to
(i) ∠E
(ii) $\bar { EF }$
(iii) ∠F
(iv) $\bar { DF }$

If ΔDEF = ΔBCA, then

(i) ∠E ↔ ∠C
(ii) EF ↔ $\bar { CA }$
(iii) ∠F ↔ ∠A
(iv) DF ↔ $\bar { BA }$

Question 3.
In the figure given below, the lengths of the sides of the triangles are indicated. By using SSS congruency rule, state which pairs of triangles are congruent. In the case of congruent triangles, write the result in symbolic form:

(i) In the given figure,
In ΔABC and ΔPQR
AB ↔ PQ, BC ↔ PR, and AC ↔ QR
Δs are congruent
ΔABC = ΔQPR
(ii) In the given figure,
In ΔABC and ΔPQR
AC ↔ PR, BC ↔ PQ
But AB ≠ QR
Δs are not congruent.

Question 4.
In the given figure, AB = 5 cm, AC = 5 cm, BD = 2.5 cm and CD = 2.5 cm
(i) State the three pairs of equal parts in ΔADB and ΔADC
(iii) Is ∠B = ∠C? Why?

In the given figure,
AB = 5 cm, AC = 5 cm, BD = 2.5 cm
and CD = 2.5 cm
In ΔABD and ΔACD
(i) AB = AC = 5 cm
BD = CD = 2.5 cm
ΔABD = ΔACD
∠B = ∠C (c.p.c.t.)

Question 5.
In the given figure, AB = AC and D is the mid-point of $\bar { BC }$.
(i) State the three pairs of equal parts in ΔADB and ΔADC.
(iii) Is ∠B = ∠C? Why?

(i) In ΔABC,
AB = AC
D is the mid-point of BC
BD = DC
AB = AC (Given)
BD = DC (D is mid-point of BC)
(iii) ∠B = ∠C (c.p.c.t.)

Question 6.
In the figure given below, the measures of some parts of the triangles are indicated. By using SAS rule of congruency, state which pairs of triangles are congruent. In the case of congruent triangles, write the result in symbolic form.

(i) In ΔABC and ΔDEF
AB = DE (Each = 2.5 cm)
AC = DF (Each = 2.8 cm)
∠A ≠ ∠D (Have different measure)
ΔABC is not congruent to ΔDEF
(ii) In ΔABC and ΔRPQ
AC = RP (Each = 2.5 cm)
CB = PQ (Each = 3 cm)
∠C = ∠P (Each = 35°)
ΔACB and ΔRPQ are congruent (SAS axiom)
(iii) In ΔDEF and ΔPQR
FD = QP (Each = 3.5 cm)
FE = QR (Each = 3 cm)
∠F = ∠Q (Each 40°)
(iv) In ΔABC and ΔPRQ
AB = PQ (Each = 4 cm)
BC = QR (Each = 3 cm)
But included angles B and ∠Q are not equal
ΔABC and ΔPQR are not congruent.

Question 7.
By applying SAS congruence rule, you want to establish that ΔPQR = ΔFED. If is given that PQ = EF and RP = DF. What additional information is needed to establish the congruence?

In ΔPQR and ΔFED

PQ = FE
RP = DF
Their included angles ∠P must be equal to ∠F for congruency.
Hence, ∠P = ∠F

Question 8.
You want to show that ΔART = ΔPEN

(a) If you have to use SSS criterion, then you need to show
(i) AR = ……….
(ii) RT = ……….
(iii) AT = …………
(b) If it is given that ∠T = ∠N and you are to use the SAS criterion, you need to have
(i) RT = ………. and (ii) PN = ……….

(a) In ΔART and ΔPEN
For SSS criterion
AR = DE
RT = EN and AT = PN
ΔART = ΔPEN
(b) ∠T = ∠N (Given)
In ΔART and ΔPEN
If RT = EN
AT = PN and ∠T = ∠N
Then ΔART = ΔPEN (SAS criterion)

Question 9.
You have to show that ΔAMP = ΔAMQ.
In the following proof, supply the missing reasons.

 Steps Reasons (i) PM = QM (i) ……… (ii) ∠PMA = ∠QMA (ii) ………. (iii) AM = AM (iii) ………… (iv) ΔAMP = ΔAMQ (iv) …………

In order to show that,
ΔAMP = ΔAMQ
PM = QM (Given)
∠PMA = ∠QMA (Given)
AM = AM (Common)
ΔAMP = ΔAMQ (SAS criterion)

Question 10.
In the given figure:
(i) State three pairs of equal parts in ΔPSR and ΔRQP.
(ii) Is ΔPSR = ΔRQP? Give reasons
(iii) Is PS = RQ? Why?
(iv) Is ∠S = ∠Q? Why?

In ΔPSR and ΔRQP
SR = PQ (each = 3.5 cm)
PR = PR (Common side)
∠SRP = ∠RPQ (Each = 30°)
ΔPSR = ΔRQP (SAS criterion)
PS = RQ (c.p.c.t.)
∠S = ∠Q (c.p.c.t.)

Question 11.
In the given figure, AB = DC and ∠ABC = ∠DCB.
(i) State three pairs of equal parts in AABC and ADCB.
(ii) Is ΔABC = ΔDCB? Give reasons.
(iii) Is AC = DB? Why?

In ΔABC and ΔDBC
AB = DC (Given)
∠ABC = ∠DCB (Given)
BC = BC (Common)
ΔABC = ΔDCB (SAS criterion)
AC = DB (c.p.c.t.)

Question 12.
(i) State three pairs of equal parts in ΔABC and ΔABD.
(ii) Is ΔABC = ΔABD? Give reasons.
(iii) Is BC = BD? Why?
(iv) Is ∠C = ∠D? Why?

Now in ΔABC and ΔABD
∠CAB = ∠DAB (Given)
AB = AB (Common)
ΔABC = ΔABD (SAS criterion)
BC = BD (c.p.c.t.)
∠C = ∠D (c.p.c.t.)

### Congruence of Triangles Class-7 ML Aggarwal ICSE Maths Solutions Ex 12.2

Question 1.
You want to establish ΔDEF = ΔMNP, using ASA rule of congruence. You are given that ∠D = ∠M and ∠F = ∠P. What additional information is needed to establish the congruence?

In ΔDEF and ΔMNP
∠D = ∠M (Given)
∠F = ∠P (Given)

For using ASA rule, we need
DF = MP (Included side)
Then ΔDEF = ΔMNP

Question 2.
In the given figure, two triangles are congruent. The corresponding parts are marked. We can write ΔRAT =?

In the given figure,
ΔART and ΔNOW
AT = NO (Given)
∠A = ∠O (Given)
∠T = ∠N (Given)
ΔART = ΔWON (ASA criterion)

Question 3.
If ΔABC and ΔPQR are to be congruent, name one additional pair of corresponding parts. What criterion did you use?

In ΔABC and ΔPQR
∠B = ∠Q
∠C = ∠Q
Now we need BC = QR
ΔABC = ΔPQR (ASA criterion)

Question 4.
Given below are measurements of some parts of two triangles. Examine whether the two triangles are congruent or not, by ASA congruence rule. In the case of congruence, write its in symbolic form.

 ΔDEF ΔPQR (i) ∠D = 60°, ∠F = 80°, DF = 5 cm (i) ∠Q = 60°, ∠R = 80°, QR = 5 cm (ii) ∠D = 60°, ∠F = 80°, DF = 6 cm (ii) ∠Q = 60°, ∠R = 80°, QR = 5 cm (iii) ∠E = 80°, ∠F = 30°, EF = 5 cm (iii) ∠P = 80°, PQ = 5 cm, ∠R = 30°

In ΔDEF and ΔPQR
(i) ∠D = 60°, ∠F = 80°, DF = 5 cm
∠Q = 60°, ∠R = 80°, QR = 5 cm
∠D = ∠Q (Each 60°)
∠F = ∠R (Each 80°)
Included side DF = QR
ΔDEF = ΔQPR (ASA criterion)

(ii) In ΔDEF and ΔPQR
∠D = 60°, ∠F = 80°, DF = 6 cm
∠Q = 60°, ∠R = 80° and QP = 6 cm
Here, ∠D = ∠Q (Each 80°)
∠F = ∠R (Each 80°)
But included side DF ≠ QR
ΔDEF and ΔPQR are not congruent.

(iii) In ΔDEF and ΔPQR
∠E = 80°, ∠F = 30°, EF = 5 cm
∠P = 80°, PQ = 5 cm, ∠R = 30°
Here, ∠E = ∠P (Each = 80°)
∠F = ∠R (Each = 30°)
But inlcuded sides are not equal.
ΔDEF and ΔPQR are not congruent.

Question 5.
In the adjoining figure, measures of some parts are indicated.
(i) State three pairs of equal parts in triangles ABC and ABD.
(ii) Is ΔABC = ΔBAD? Give reasons.
(iii) Is BC = AD? Why?

In the given figure,
∠DAC = 45°, ∠CAB = 30°, ∠CBD = 45° and ∠DBA = 30°
∠DAC + ∠CAB = 45° + 30° = 75°
and ∠CBD + ∠DBA = 45° + 30° = 75°
∠DAB = ∠CBA
Now in ΔABC and ΔDAB
AB = AB (Common)
∠CBA = ∠DAB (Proved)
∠CAB = ∠DBA (Each = 30°)
ΔABC = ΔDAB (ASA criterion)

Question 6.
In the adjoining figure, ray AZ bisects ∠DAB as well as ∠DCB.
(i) State the three pairs of equal parts in triangles BAC and DAC.
(ii) Is ΔBAC = ΔDAC? Give reasons.
(iii) Is CD = CB? Give reasons.

In the given figure
∠DAC = ∠BAC
∠DCA = ∠BCA
Now in ΔBAC and ΔDAC
AC = AC (Common)
∠BAC = ∠DAC (Given)
∠BCA = ∠DCA (Given)
ΔBAC = ΔDAC (ASA criterion)
Yes, CD = CB (c.p.c.t.)

Question 7.
Explain why ΔABC = ΔFED?

In ΔABC and ΔFED
BC = DE
∠B = ∠E (Each = 90°)
∠A = ∠F
∠C = 90° – ∠A and ∠D = 90° – ∠F
But ∠A = ∠F (Given)
∠C = ∠D
Now in ΔABC and ΔDEF
BC = DE (Given)
∠B = ∠E (Given 90°)
∠C = ∠D (Proved)
ΔABC = ΔDEF (ASA criterion)

Question 8.
Given below are the measurements of some parts of triangles. Examine whether the two triangles are congruent or not, using RHS congruence rule. In the case of congruent triangles, write the result in symbolic form:

 ΔABC ΔPQR (i) ∠B = 90°, AC = 8 cm, AB = 3 cm (i) ∠P = 90°, PR = 3 cm, QR = 8 cm (ii) ∠A = 90°, AC = 5 cm, BC = 9 cm (ii) ∠Q = 90°, PR = 8 cm, PQ = 5 cm

We are given the measurement of some parts of the triangles.
We have to examine whether the two triangles are congruent
or not using RHS congruency rule.
In ΔABC and ΔPQR
(i) ∠B = 90°, AC = 8 cm, AB = 3 cm
∠P = 90°, PR = 3 cm, QR = 8 cm

We see that in two Δs ABC and RPQ
∠B = ∠P (Each = 90°)
Side AB = RP (Each = 3 cm)
Hypotenuse AC = RQ
ΔABC = ΔRPQ (RHS criterion)
(ii) In ΔABC and ΔPQR

∠A = ∠Q (Each = 90°)
Side AC = QP (Each = 5 cm)
But hypotenuse BC and PR are not equal to each other.
Triangles are not congruent.

Question 9.
In the given figure, measurements of some parts are given.
(i) State the three pairs of equal parts in ΔPQS and ΔPRS.
(ii) Is ΔPQS = ΔPRS? Give reasons.
(iii) Is S mid-point of $\bar { QR }$ ? Why?

In the given figure,
PQ = 3 cm, PR = 3 cm
PS ⊥ QR
(i) Now in right ΔPQS and ΔPRS right angles at S. (∵ PS ⊥ QR)
side PS = PS (Common)
Hypotenuse PQ = PR (Each = 3 cm)
(ii) ΔPQS = ΔPRS (RHS criterion)
(iii) QS = SR (c.p.c.t.)
S is the mid point of QR

Question 10.
In the given figure, O is mid-point of $\bar { AB }$ and ∠A = ∠B. Show that ΔAOC = ΔBOD.

In the given figure,
O is the mid-point of AB
AO = OB
Now in ΔAOC and ΔBOD
AO = OB (∵ O is mid-point of AB)
∠A = ∠B (Given)
∠AOC = ∠BOD (Vertically opposite angles)
ΔAOC = ΔBOD (ASA criterion)

### Objective Type Questions, Congruence of Triangles Class-7 ML Aggarwal ICSE Maths Solutions Chapter-12

#### Mental Maths

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:
(i) Two line segments are congruent if ……….
(ii) Among two congruent angles, one has a measure of 63°; the measure of the other angle is ……….
(iii) When we write ∠A = ∠B, we actually mean ………
(iv) The side included between ∠M and ∠N of ∆MNP is ……….
(v) The side QR of ∆PQR is included between angles ……….
(vi) If two triangles ABC and PQR are congruent under the correspondence A ↔ R, B ↔ P and C ↔ Q, then in symbolic form it can be written as ∆ABC = ………
(vii) If ∆DEF = ∆SRT, then the correspondence between vertices is ……….

(i) Two line segments are congruent if they are of the same length.
(ii) Among two congruent angles, one has a measure of 63°;
the measure of the other angle is 63°.
(iii) When we write ∠A = ∠B, we actually mean m∠A = m∠B.
(iv) The side included between ∠M and ∠N of ∆MNP is MN.
(v) The side QR of ∆PQR is included between angles ∠Q and ∠R.
(vi) If two triangles ABC and PQR are congruent
under the correspondence A ↔ R, B ↔ P and C ↔ Q,
then in symbolic form it can be written as ∆ABC = ∆RPQ.
(vii) If ∆DEF = ∆SRT, then the correspondence between vertices is
D ↔ S, E ↔ R and F ↔ T.

#### Question 2.

State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
(i) All circles are congruent.
(ii) Circles having equal radii are congruent.
(iii) Two congruent triangles have equal areas and equal perimeters.
(iv) Two triangles having equal areas are congruent.
(v) Two squares having equal areas are congruent.
(vi) Two rectangles having equal areas are congruent.
(vii) All acute angles are congruent.
(vii)All right angles are congruent.
(ix) Two figures are congruent if they have the same shape.
(x) A two rupee coin is congruent to a five rupee coin.

(xi) All equilateral triangles are congruent.
(xii) Two equilateral triangles having equal perimeters are congruent.
(xii) If two legs of one right triangle are equal to two legs of another right angle triangle, then the two triangles are congruent by SAS rule.
(xiv) If three angles of two triangles are equal, then triangles are congruent.
(xv) If two sides and one angle of one triangle are equal to two sides and one angle of another triangle, then the triangle are congruent.

(i) All circles are congruent. (False)
Correct:
As if all circles have equal radii otherwise not.
(ii) Circles having equal radii are congruent. (True)
(iii) Two congruent triangles have equal areas
and equal perimeters. (True)
(iv) Two triangles having equal areas are congruent. (False)
Correct:
As they may have different sides and angles.
(v) Two squares having equal areas are congruent. (True)
(vi) Two rectangles having equal areas are congruent. (False)
Correct:
As their side can be different.
(vii) All acute angles are congruent. (False)
Correct:
As acute angles have different measures.
(viii) All right angles are congruent. (True)
(ix) Two figures are congruent if they have the same shape. (False)

##### Correct:

As the same shapes have different measures.
(x) A two rupee coin is congruent to a five rupee coin. (False)
Correct:
As they have different size.
(xi) All equilateral triangles are congruent. (False)
Correct:
As they have different sides in length.
(xii) Two equilateral triangles having equal perimeters are congruent. (True)
(xiii) If two legs of one right triangle are equal to
two legs of another right angle triangle,
then the two triangles are congruent by SAS rule. (True)
(xiv) If three angles of two triangles are equal,
then triangles are congruent. (False)
Correct:
They can be similar to each other.
(xv) If two sides and one angle of one triangle are equal to two sides
and one angle of another triangle, then the triangle is congruent. (False)
Correct:
If the angles are included, they can be congruent.

### Multiple Choice Questions, Congruence of Triangles Class-7 ML Aggarwal ICSE Maths Solutions Chapter-12

#### MCQs

Choose the correct answer from the given four options (3 to 14):
Question 3.
Which one of the following is not a standard criterion of congruency of two triangles?
(a) SSS
(b) SSA
(c) SAS
(d) ASA

The axiom SSA is not a standard criterion
of congruency of triangles. (b)

Question 4.
If ∆ABC = ∆PQR and ∠CAB = 65°, then ∠RPQ is
(a) 65°
(b) 75°
(c) 90°
(d) 115°

∆ABC = ∆PQR

∠CAB = 65°
∠RPQ = 65° (corresponding angles) (a)

Question 5.
If ∆ABC = ∆EFD, then the correct statement is
(a) ∠A = ∠D
(b) ∠A = ∠F
(c) ∠A = ∠E
(d) ∠B = ∠E

∆ABC = ∆EFD
Then ∠A = ∠E (c)

Question 6.
If ∆ABC = ∆PQR, then the correct statement is
(a) AB = QR
(b) AB = PR
(c) BC = PR
(d) AC = PR