OP Malhotra Logarithms Class-9 S.Chand ICSE Maths Ch-7

OP Malhotra Logarithms Class-9 S.Chand ICSE Maths Ch-7. We Provide Step by Step Answer of Exe-7(a), Exe-7(b), Exe-7(c), with Chapter Test of S Chand OP Malhotra Maths . Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-9.

OP Malhotra Logarithms Class-9 S.Chand ICSE Maths Ch-7

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Exercise-7

OP Malhotra Logarithms Class-9 S.Chand ICSE Maths Ch-7

History :

John Napier introduced the concept of Logarithms in the 17th century. Later it was used by many scientists, navigators, engineers, etc for performing various calculations which made it simple. In simple words, Logarithms are the inverse process of the exponentiation. In this article, we are going to have a look at the definition, properties, and examples of logarithm in detail.

Logarithm Definition :

A logarithm is defined as the power to which number must be raised to get some other values. It is the most convenient way to express large numbers. A logarithm has various important properties that prove multiplication and division of logarithms can also be written in the form of logarithm of addition and subtraction.

“The logarithm of a positive real number a with respect to base b, a positive real number not equal to 1^{[nb 1]}, is the exponent by which b must be raised to yield a”.

i.e b^y= a and it is read as “the logarithm of a to base b.”

Logarithm Properties :

There are four basic rules of logarithms as given below:-

Log_b (mn)= log_b m + log_b n. In this rule, the multiplication of two logarithmic values is equal to the addition of their individual logarithms.

For example- log₃( 2y ) = log₃(2) + log₃(y)

Log_b (m/n)= log_b m – log_b This is called as division rule. Here the division of two logarithmic values is equal to the difference of each logarithm.

For example, log₃( 2/ y ) = log₃(2) -log₃(y)

Log_b (mⁿ) = n log_b ^m

This is the exponential rule of logarithms. The logarithm of m with a rational exponent is equal to the exponent times its logarithm.

Log_bm = log_am/ log_a b

Logarithms Applications :

Logarithms are nowadays widely used in the field of science and technology. We can even find logarithmic calculators which have made our calculations much easier. These find its applications in surveying and celestial navigation purposes. They are also used in calculations such as measuring the loudness (decibels), the intensity of the earthquake regarding Richter scale, in radioactive decay, to find the acidity (pH= -log10[H+]), etc.

Exercise-7.(a)