Diseases and Prevention Class-8th Goyal Brothers ICSE Biology Solutions Chapter-7 (Health and Hygiene), Unit-1(Diseases and Prevention). We Provide Step by Step Answers of Multiple questions, Fill in the blanks, True or False, Answer the following questions. Chapter-7 (Health and Hygiene), Unit-1(Diseases and Prevention). Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-8.
Diseases and Prevention Class-8th Goyal Brothers ICSE Biology Solutions Chapter-7 Unit-1
| Board | ICSE |
| Class | 8th |
| Subject | Biology |
| Book Name | Goyal Brothers |
| Chapter-7 | Health and Hygiene |
| Unit-1 |
Diseases and Prevention |
| Topic | Solution of exercise questions |
| Session | 2023-24 |
Diseases and Prevention Class-8th Goyal Brothers ICSE
Biology Solutions Chapter-7 Unit-1
Que: I. Fill in the blanks:
1. Disease-causing biological agents are called pathogens.
2. Carriers of specific germs are called a vectors.
3. A disease caused by a protozoan is Malaria.
4. The chikungunya is caused by a Aedes mosquitoes.
Que: II. Give the full form of:
(i) AIDS
Answer: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(ii) HIV
Answer: Human immunodeficiency virus
(iii) OPV
Answer: Oral polio vaccine
Que: III. Name the following:
Question: 1. The mosquito which transmits malaria.
Answer: Anopheles mosquitoes
Question: 2. Name the vector of Plasmodium.
Answer: Anopheline mosquito
Question: 3. Disease caused by the use of contaminated needles.
Answer: HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C
Question: 4. A disease in which platelet count may go down.
Answer: Thrombocytopenia
Question: 5. Three common vaccines.
Answer: Tetanus, diphtheria, mumps, measles, pertussis (whooping cough), meningitis, and polio.
Que: IV. Define the following terms:
Question: 1. Vector
Answer: A vector is a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal. Vectors are frequently arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, flies, fleas and lice.
Question: 2. Vaccine
Answer: A vaccine is defined as any substance which is used to stimulate the production of antibodies, in turn providing immunity against one or a few diseases. A vaccine is defined as a biological preparation formulated to provide acquired immunity for a particular disease.
Question: 3. Vaccination
Answer: The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce protection from a specific disease. Immunization: A process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination. This term is often used interchangeably with vaccination or inoculation.
Question: 4. Immunisation
Answer: Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.
Question: 5. Immunity
Answer: Immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease. Immunity may occur naturally or be produced by prior exposure or immunization.
Question: 6. Antibodies
Answer: An antibody is a protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Examples of antigens include microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses) and chemicals.
Que: V. Answer the following questions:
Question: 1. Differentiate between vaccination and immunisation.
Answer:
| Vaccination | Immunisation |
| 1. Administration of weakened or inactive germs to stimulate the immune system to devel0p resistance against the pathogens. | It is a process by which a person is made resistant or immune against a particular disease by administering a vaccine. |
| 2. It is the process of administering a vaccine. The vaccine may not always provide immunity. | It is the process of making a person immune to a particular disease. |
Question: 2. What is the basis of immunisation.
Answer: A process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination. This term is often used interchangeably with vaccination or inoculation.
Question: 3. Give different ways of preventing and controlling the diseases.
Answer: Different ways of preventing and controlling the diseases.
- Handle & Prepare Food Safely. Food can carry germs.
- Wash Hands Often.
- Clean & Disinfect Commonly Used Surfaces.
- Cough and Sneeze into a Tissue or Your Sleeve.
- Don’t Share Personal Items.
- Get Vaccinated.
- Avoid Touching Wild Animals.
- Stay Home When Sick.
Question: 4. Describe the following diseases given their causal organism, symptoms produced and preventing methods :
(a) Influenza
Answer: Influenza is caused by infection of the respiratory tract with viruses, RNA viruses of the Orthomyxovirus genus. Symptoms often include fever, head and body aches, coughing and a stuffy or runny nose. Annual vaccination is the most important measure to prevent seasonal influenza infection.
(b) Malaria
Answer: Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick with a high fever and shaking chills. It may be fatal to human beings, but cure is available can protect themselves from malaria by taking prescription medicine and preventing mosquito bites.
(c) Dengue
Answer: Dengue is caused by a virus of the Flavivirus genus. Dengue fever is caused by four types of dengue viruses. You cannot get dengue fever by being around an infected person. Use insect repellent, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and control mosquitoes inside and outside your home. Each year, an estimated 400 million people are infected with dengue virus through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
(d) Chikungunya
Answer: Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), There is no vaccine to prevent chikungunya virus infection. The best way to prevent chikungunya is to protect yourself from mosquito bites. The virus causes symptoms like fever and joint pain, which can become severe. chikungunya due to the joint pain the illness is known to cause. There’s no medication to treat chikungunya. There’s also no vaccine to prevent it.
(e) Measles
Answer: Measles is a childhood infection caused by a virus. Once quite common, measles can now almost always be prevented with a vaccine. Also called rubeola, measles spreads easily and can be serious and even fatal for small children. Measles is a contagious disease that causes fever, a red rash, cough and red eyes. You can prevent measles by getting vaccinated.
(f) AIDS
Answer: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Symptoms produced- Fever, Headache, Muscle aches and joint pain, Rash, Sore throat and painful mouth sores, Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck, Diarrhea, Weight loss. You can use strategies such as abstinence (not having sex), never sharing needles, and using condoms the right way every time you have sex.
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