Nervous System ICSE Class-10 Concise Selina Biology
Nervous System ICSE Class-10 Concise Selina Biology Solutions Chapter-10. We Provide Step by Step Answer of Progress Check , MCQs, Very Short Answer Type, Short Answer Type, Long Answer Type Questions and Structured / Applications / Skill Type Questions of Exercise-10 Nervous System ICSE Class-10 . Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-10.
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E. Structured / Application / Skill Type
A . MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
Selina Biology Solution Chapter 10 Nervous System ICSE Class-10
Question 1
The insulating sheath covering the axon is called
(a) Plasmalemma
(b) Neurolemma
(c) Dura mater
(d) Pia mater
Answer 1
(b) neurolemma
Question 2
Which one of the following pairs of brain part and its function is not correctly matched?
(a) Cerebrum – memory
(b) Cerebellum – balance of body
(c) Medulla oblongata – controls activities of internal organs
(d) Pons – consciousness
Answer 2
(d) Pons – consciousness
Question 3
A mixed nerve is one which
(a) Carries sensation from 2 or more different sense organs
(b) Contains both sensory and motor fibres
(c) Has a common root but branches into two or more nerves to different organs
(d) Has two or more roots from different parts of brain
Answer 3
(b) Contains both sensory and motor fibres
Question 4
Reflex action is controlled by the
(a) brain
(b) spinal cord
(c) autonomic
(d) peripheral nervous system
Answer 4
(b) spinal cord
B. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE
Concise Selina ICSE Class-10 Biology Solution Nervous System
Question 1
Name the following:
(a) The fluid that is present inside and outside the brain.
(b) The junction between two nerve cells.
(c) The part of the brain which is concerned with memory.
(d) The part of the human brain which controls body temperature.
Answer 1
(a) Cerebrospinal fluid
(b) Synapse
(c) Cerebrum
(d) Hypothalamus
Question 2
Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.
(a) Stimulus: Receptor:: Impulse:_________
(b) Cerebrum: Diencephalon:: Cerebellum:_______
(c) Receptor: Sensory nerve:: Motor nerve:_______
Answer 2
(a) Stimulus: Receptor:: Impulse: Effectors
(b) Cerebrum: Diencephalon:: Cerebellum: Medulla oblongata
(c) Receptor: Sensory nerve:: Motor nerve: Effector
Question 3
Complete the following statements by choosing the correct alternative from the choices given in brackets:
(a) The dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of (motor/ sensory/ intermediate) neurons.
(b) Cerebellum is the part of the brain which is responsible for
(i) Conducting reflexes in the body
(ii) Maintaining posture and equilibrium
(iii) Controlling thinking, memory and reasoning.
Answer 3
(a) Sensory
(b) Maintaining posture and equilibrium
(c) Spinal cord
C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
ICSE Class-10 Concise Selina Biology Solution Nervous System
Question 1
Mention, where in human body are the following located and state their main functions:
(a) Corpus callosum
(b) Central canal
Answer 1
(a) Corpus Callosum – It is located located in the forebrain. It connects two cerebral hemispheres and transfers information from one hemisphere to other.
(b) Central canal – It is located in centre of the spinal cord. It is in continuation with the cavities of the brain. It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and acts as shock proof cushion. In addition, it also helps in exchange of materials with neurons.
Question 2
State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
(a) The main component of the white matter of the brain is perikaryon. (T/F)
(b) The arachnoid layer fits closely inside the pia mater. (T/F)
(c) A double chain of ganglia, one on each side of the nerve cord belongs to the spinal cord. (T/F)
(d) Dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges. (T/F)
Answer 2
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
Question 3
Differentiate between the following pairs with reference to the aspects in brackets.
(a) Cerebrum and cerebellum (function)
(b) Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system (overall effect on body)
(c) Sensory nerve and motor nerve (direction of impulse carried)
(d) Medulla oblongata and cerebellum (function)
(e) Cerebrum and spinal cord (arrangement of cytons and exons of neurons)
Answer 3
(a)
| Cerebrum | Cerebellum |
| The cerebrum controls all voluntary actions. It enables us to think, reason, plan and memorize. | The cerebellum on the other hand maintains balance of the body and coordinates muscular activity. |
(b)
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| Sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for violent action against the abnormal condition. | Parasympathetic nervous system is concerned with re-establishing normal conditions after the violent act is over. |
(c)
| Sensory Nerve | Motor Nerve |
| Sensory nerve brings impulses from the receptors i.e. sense organs to the brain or spinal cord. | Motor nerve carries impulse from the brain or spinal cord to effector organs such as muscles or glands.
|
(d)
| Medulla Oblongata | Cerebellum |
| Medulla oblongata controls the activities of internal organs and many other involuntary actions | The cerebellum on the other hand maintains balance of the body and coordinates muscular activity. |
(e)
| Cerebrum | Spinal Cord |
| The grey matter containing cytons lies in the cortex (outer region) while the white matter containing axons lies in the medullary region (inner region). | The grey matter containing cytons lies in the medullary region i.e. inner side while the white matter containing axons lies in the cortex i.e. the outer region. |
Question 4
Given below are two structures, write their special functional activity.
(a) Cerebellum and ____________.
(b) Myelin sheath and _____________.
Answer 4
(a) Cerebellum maintains balance of the body and coordinates muscular activity.
(b) Myelin sheath acts like an insulation and prevents mixing of impulses in the adjacent axons.
Question 5
Write the functions of the following:
(a) Synapse
(b) Association neuron
(c) Medullary sheath
(d) Medulla oblongata
(e) Cerebellum
(f) Cerebrospinal fluid
Answer 5
(a) Synapse: It is a gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of the adjacent neuron. It transmits nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron.
(b) Association Neuron: It interconnects sensory and motor neurons.
(c) Medullary sheath: It provides insulation and prevents mixing of impulses in the adjacent axons.
(d) Medulla Oblongata: It controls activities of internal organs such as peristalsis, breathing and many other involuntary actions.
(e) Cerebellum: It maintains balance of the body and coordinates muscular activity.
(f) Cerebrospinal Fluid: It acts like a cushion and protects the brain from shocks.
Question 6
Explain the following terms:
(a) Motor nerve
(b) Autonomic nervous system
(c) Conditioned reflex
(d) Association neuron
(e) Gray matter
Answer 6
(a)
Motor nerve: It contains motor fibres which carry impulses generated by the association neuron (brain or spinal cord) to the effector organs. Example: A nerve which arises from the brain and ends in the eye muscles is a motor nerve. It helps in rotating the eye.
(b)
Autonomic nervous system: It is a part of the peripheral nervous system. It consists of a pair of chains of nerves and ganglia on either side of the backbone. It controls the involuntary actions of the internal organs.
(c)
Conditioned reflex: It develops during life time due to experience or learning. It is brought about by the condition which is totally different from initial stimulus. Example: Salivation just by the smell of food.
(d)
Association neuron: It is located in the brain and the spinal cord. It acts as a connecting neuron and interconnects the sensory and motor neurons.
(e)
Gray matter: The cerebral cortex contains cell bodies of the neuron and is greyish in colour. It is called gray matter. The grey matter has many folds (i.e. gyri) and grooves (i.e. sulci). They increase the surface area to accommodate more nerve cells. A higher number of convolutions leads to greater intelligence.
Question 7
Rearrange the following in correct sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end. (a) Effector — sensory neuron — receptor — motor neuron — stimulus — central nervous system — response (Reflex arc)
(b) Repolarization — depolarization — resting (polarized) (during conduction of nerve impulse through a nerve fibre)
(c) Axon endings — nucleus — dendrites — axon —perikaryon — dendron (neuron structure)
(d) Diencephalon — cerebellum — medulla oblongata — pons — cerebrum — mid brain (sequence of parts of human brain)
Answer 7
(a) Stimulus — receptor — sensory neuron — central nervous system — motor neuron — effector — response
(b) Resting — depolarization — repolarization
(c) Dendrites — Dendron — perikaryon — nucleus — axon — axon endings
(d) Cerebrum — diencephalon — mid-brain — cerebellum — pons — medulla oblongata
D. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
Solution of Selina Concise Biology for ICSE Class-10 Chapter-10 Nervous System
Question 1
(a) What is meant by reflex action?
(b) State whether the following are simple reflexes, conditioned reflexes or neither of the two.
(i) Sneezing
(ii) Blushing
(iii) Contraction of eye pupil
(iv) Lifting up a book
(v) Knitting without looking
(vi) Sudden application of brakes of the cycle on sighting an obstacle in front
Answer 1
(a) Reflex action is an autonomic, quick and involuntary action in the body brought about by a stimulus.
(b)
| Example | Type of Reflex |
| (i) Sneezing | Simple |
| (ii) Blushing | Simple |
| (iii) Contraction of eye pupil | Simple |
| (iv) Lifting up a book
|
Conditioned |
| (v) Knitting without looking | Conditioned |
| (vi) Sudden application of brakes of the cycle on sighting an obstacle in front | Conditioned |
Question 2
What are the advantages of having a nervous system?
Answer 2
The advantages of having a nervous system are as follows:
(a) Keeps us informed about the outside world through sense organs.
(b) Enables us to remember, think and reason out.
(c) Controls and harmonizes all voluntary muscular activities such as running, holding, writing
(d) Regulates involuntary activities such as breathing, beating of the heart without our thinking about them.
Question 3
Why is the spinal cord and the brain referred to as the central nervous system?
Answer 3
The brain and the spinal cord lie in the skull and the vertebral column respectively. They have an important role to play because all bodily activities are controlled by them. A stimulus from any part of the body is always carried to the brain or spinal cord for the correct response. A response to a stimulus is also generated in the central nervous system. Therefore, the brain and the spinal cord are called the central nervous system.
Question 4
What is the difference between reflex action and voluntary action?
Answer 4
Reflex actions are involuntary actions which occur unknowingly. Voluntary actions on the other hand are performed consciously.
Picking up an apple and eating it is an example of voluntary action whereas withdrawal of hand on touching a hot object is an example of reflex action.
| Reflex Action | Voluntary Action |
| Reflex actions are involuntary actions which occur unknowingly. | Voluntary actions on the other hand are performed consciously. |
| Commands originate in the spinal cord, autonomic nervous system and a few in the brain as well. | Commands originate in the brain. |
Question 5
Draw a labelled diagram of a Myelinated Neuron
Answer 5
Myelinated Neuron
Question 6
During a street fight between two individuals, mention the effects on the following organs by the autonomous nervous system, in the table given below: (one has been done for you as an example).
| Organ | Sympathetic System | Parasympathetic System |
| e.g. Lungs | Dilates bronchi and bronchioles | Constricts bronchi and bronchioles |
| 1. Heart | ||
| 2. Pupil of the eye | ||
| 3. Salivary gland |
Answer 6
| Organ | Sympathetic System | Parasympathetic System |
| e.g. Lungs | Dilates bronchi and bronchioles | Constricts bronchi and bronchioles |
| 1. Heart | Accelerates heartbeat | Retards heartbeat |
| 2. Pupil of the eye | Dilates | Constricts |
| 3. Salivary gland | Inhibits the secretion of saliva causing the drying of the mouth | Stimulates the release of saliva |
E. STRUCTURED / APPLICATION / SKILL TYPE
The Nervous System Chapter-10 Selina Solution of ICSE Class-10 Biology
Question 1
Two hungry boys (A and B) enter a restaurant and find a table decorated as follows:
Boy B starts salivating but not A. Explain the reason for this difference.
Answer 1
Salivation is an example of conditioned reflex that develops due to experience or learning. Saliva starts pouring when you chew or eat food. Therefore, this reflex will occur not just on the sight or smell of food. The brain actually needs to remember the taste of food. Boy B started salivating because he must have tasted that food prior unlike boy A.
Question 2
Given below are a few situations. What effective change will occur in the organ/body part mentioned and which part (sympathetic or parasympathetic) of the autonomic nervous system brings it about?
| Situation | Organ/body part | Change/action | Part of autonomic nervous system involved |
| 1. You have entered a dark room | Eye | ||
| 2. Your body is consuming lot of glucose while running a race | Liver | ||
| 3. You are chewing a tasty food | Salivary gland | ||
| 4. You are running a race | Adrenal gland | ||
| 5. You are retiring to bed for sleep | Heart | ||
| 6. You are shivering in intense cold | Body hairs |
Answer 2
| Situation | Organ/body part | Change/action | Part of autonomic nervous system involved |
| 1. You have entered a dark room | Eye | Pupil dilates | Sympathetic |
| 2. Your body is consuming lot of glucose while running a race | Liver | Glycogen is converted into glucose in liver | Sympathetic |
| 3. You are chewing a tasty food | Salivary gland | Salivation increases | Parasympathetic |
| 4. You are running a race | Adrenal gland | Release of adrenaline and noradrenaline increases | Sympathetic |
| 5. You are retiring to bed for sleep | Heart | Heart rate slows down | Parasympathetic |
| 6. You are shivering in intense cold | Body hairs | Hair raised | Sympathetic |
Question 3
Given below is the partially incomplete scheme of the components of peripheral nervous system. Fill up the blanks numbered (1)- (12):
Answer 3
Fill in the following information in the diagram.
- Central Nervous System
- Autonomic
- 12
- Spinal
- 31
- Neck
- Waist
- dilates
- constricts
- liver
- neck
- sacral
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