Functions OP Malhotra S.Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Solutions Ch-2. Step by step Solutions of OP Malhotra SK Gupta Anubhuti Gangal S.Chand ISC Class-12 Mathematics with Exe-2(a), Exe-2(b), Exe-2(c), and Chapter Test Questions. Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ISC Board Class-12 Mathematics.
Functions OP Malhotra S.Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Solutions Ch-2
Class: | 12th |
Subject: | Mathematics |
Chapter : | Ch-2 Functions of Section -A |
Board | ISC |
Writer | OP Malhotra, SK Gupta, Anubhuti Gangal |
Publications | S.Chand Publications 2020-21 |
-: Included Topics :-
Functions OP Malhotra S.Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Solutions Ch-2
Function :
Let X and Y be two non-empty sets. A function or mapping f from X into Y written as f : X → Y is a rule by which each element x ∈ X is associated to a unique element y ∈ Y. Then, f is said to be a function from X to Y.
The elements of X are called the domain of f and the elements of Y are called the codomain of f. The image of the element of X is called the range of X which is a subset of Y.
Note: Every function is a relation but every relation is not a function.
Exe-2(a)
Functions OP Malhotra S.Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Solutions Ch-2
Question 1 :
If A = {1,2,3,4} and B = {1,2,3,4,5,6} are two sets and functions f : A –> B is defined by f (x) = x + 2, ∀x ∈A, then the function f is
……………..
……………
Question 2:
Show that a function ……………………… is a bijective.
Question 3:
Let f : N ………………. one – one and into.
Question 4:
……………………..
……………………..
……………………..
Question 12:
A mapping f : N –> N , where N is the set of neutral numbers is defined as
…………………..
……………………
Functions’s Types :
(i) Bijective or One-one and Onto Function:
A function f : X → Y is said to be a bijective function if it is both one-one and onto.
(ii) Composition of Functions:
Let f : X → Y and g : Y → Z be two functions. Then, composition of functions f and g is a function from X to Z and is denoted by fog and given by (fog) (x) = f[g(x)], ∀ x ∈ X.
Note
(a) In general, fog(x) ≠ gof(x).
(b) In general, gof is one-one implies that f is one-one and gof is onto implies that g is onto.
(c) If f : X → Y, g : Y → Z and h : Z → S are functions, then ho(gof) = (hog)of.
(iii) One-one Function or Injective Function:
A function f : X → Y is said to be a one-one function, if the images of distinct elements of x under f are distinct, i.e. f(x1) = f(x2 ) ⇔ x1 = x2, ∀ x1, x2 ∈ X
A function which is not one-one, is known as many-one function.
(iv) Onto Function or Surjective Function:
A function f : X → Y is said to be onto function or a surjective function, if every element of Y is image of some element of set X under f, i.e. for every y ∈ y, there exists an element X in x such that f(x) = y.
In other words, a function is called an onto function, if its range is equal to the codomain.
(v) Invertible Function:
A function f : X → Y is said to be invertible, if there exists a function g : Y → X such that gof = Ix and fog = Iy. The function g is called inverse of function f and is denoted by f-1.
Note
(i) To prove a function invertible, one should prove that, it is both one-one or onto, i.e. bijective.
(ii) If f : X → V and g : Y → Z are two invertible functions, then gof is also invertible with (gof)-1 = f-1og-1
Exe-2(b)
Functions OP Malhotra S.Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Solutions Ch-2
Question 1:
If f : N –> R : f (x) = 2x – 1 / 2 and g : Q –> R : g (x)
………………….
Question 2:
(i) If f : R -> R and g : R -> R are
…………………
………………..
Question 3:
Find (gof) (3), ………………………..
………………….
………………….
Question 3:
……………………
…………………..
…………………..
Question 14:
If f (x) = ………………………………… = 2-1
Question 15:
If R –> R is given by
………………….
………………….
Transcendental Function :
A. function, which is not algebraic, is called a transcendental function. Trigonometric, Inverse trigonometric, Exponential, Logarithmic, etc are transcendental functions.
Explicit and Implicit Functions :
(i) Explicit Functions : A function is said to be an explicit function, if it is expressed in the form y = f(x).
(ii) Implicit Functions : A function is said to be an implicit function, if it is expressed in the form f(x, y) = C, where C is constant.
e.g., sin (x + y) – cos (x + y) = 2
Intervals of a Function :
(i) The set of real numbers x, such that a ≤ x ≤ b is called a closed interval and denoted by [a, b] i.e., {x: x ∈ R, a ≤ x ≤ b}.
(ii) Set of real number x, such that a < x < b is called open interval and is denoted by (a, b)
i.e., {x: x ∈ R, a < x < b}
(iii) Intervals [a,b) = {x: x ∈ R, a ≤ x ≤ b} and (a, b] = {x: x ≠ R, a < x ≤ b} are called semi-open and semi-closed intervals.
Exe-2(c)
Functions OP Malhotra S.Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Solutions Ch-2
Question 1:
(i) If f : R -> R is defined by f (x) = 2x + 3, then f-1 find f-1 (x).
(ii) If the function f : R -> R,
defined by f (x) = 3x – 4 is insatiable,
…………………..
…………………..
Question 2:
Let the function f which is ………………………..
Question 3:
……………………….
……………………….
………………………..
Question 13:
Let f :R –> R ……………………..
Question 14:
……………………..
Question 15:
Use composition to show that f and g are inverse of each other.
………………….
……………………
Functions :
A function is a relationship which explains that there should be only one output for each input. It is a special kind of relation(a set of ordered pairs) which obeys a rule, i.e. every y-value should be connected to only one y-value.
Mathematically, “a relation f from a set A to a set B is said to be a function if every element of set A has one and only one image in set B”.
In other words, a function f is a relation from a set A to set B such that the domain of f is A and no two distinct ordered pairs in f have the same first element. Also, A and B are two non-empty sets.
Chapter Test
Functions OP Malhotra S.Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Solutions Ch-2
Question 1:
The function f : R –> R is defined by f(x) = 3-4x. State whether the function is one – one onto or bijective.
Question 2:
Let f : R –> R be ……………….. one nor onto
Question 3:
…………………..
…………………….
……………………..
Question 10:
If f (x) = (x+ 2 ) ……………………… (x).
-: End of Functions OP Malhotra S. Chand ISC Class-12 Maths Chapter-2 Solution :-
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