Structured Applications Questions of Human Evolution Class 10 Concise ICSE Biology Selina Solutions Ch-14. In this article you will get the solutions of Structured / Applications / Skill Ans Questions as council latest guideline. Visit official website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-10 Biology.
Structured Applications Skill Type Questions of Human Evolution Class 10 Concise ICSE Biology Selina Solutions Ch-14
| Board | ICSE |
| Subject | Biology |
| Class | 10 |
| Book | Selina Concise |
| Chapter-14 | Human Evolution |
| Topics | Solutions of Structured / Applications / Skill Ans Type Questions |
Solutions of Structured / Applications / Skill Ans Type Questions on Human Evolution
Que-1: Given alongside are two figures (A and B) representing the two stages of evolution of human beings.
Answer the following:
(a) Mention any two contrasting characters between the two stages.
(b) Write all the stages of human evolution in their correct sequence.
(c) State any two characteristic features of stage B.
Ans:
Stage A: Australopithecus
Stage B: Homo sapiens sapiens
(a) Contrasting characters between Australopithecus and Homo sapiens sapiens:
| Characters | Australo- pithecus |
Homo sapiens sapiens |
| Cranial capacity | 450 to 600 cm3 | 1450 to 1600 cm3 |
| Development of chin | Lack of chin, prognathous face | Prominent chin, snout disappeared |
(b) Stages of human evolution in their correct sequence:
Australopithecus ® Homo habilis ® Homo erectus ® Neanderthal man ® Cro-Magnon man ® Homo sapiens sapiens
(c) Characteristic features of stage B (Homo sapiens sapiens):
Bipedal locomotion with four reversed curves in the spine
Forehead steep, reduced brow ridges
Que-2: Given alongside are two figures (A and B) showing a phenomenon that was first observed in Manchester before and after the year 1850.
Answer the following.
(a) What name has been given to this phenomenon?
(b) Give the common name and the scientific name of the insect involved in this phenomenon.
(c) Briefly mention why the changes shown in the two figures appeared.
(d) The following phenomenon provides a classical explanation of a scientific theory given by a certain scientist. (i) Name and explain the said theory.
(ii) Give the name of the scientist who gave this theory.
Ans:
(a) Industrial melanism
(b) Common name: Peppered moth
Scientific name: Biston betularia
(c) Reasons for changes in the two figures:
Before the Industrial Revolution, a thick growth of white-colouredlichen covered the trees. As a result, the light-coloured moths were camouflaged and survived under this cover, while the dark-coloured moths were easily spotted by predators.
After the Industrial Revolution, pollution resulted in a decline in the growth of lichens. The tree bark got exposed due to the absence of lichens. As a result, dark-colouredmoths now got an advantage of a dark background, were camouflaged and survived, while the light-coloured moths were easily picked by predators.
This showed that in a mixed population, those moths which could adapt to the changing environment after the Industrial Revolution survived and increased in number,while the ones which could not adapt were slowly wiped out from the population.
(d) (i) Natural selection: During the struggle for existence, only those individuals which have advantageous variations survive while the ones which lack these variations are wiped out. Nature selects only those variations which are suitable for existence. This process is called natural selection.
(ii) Charles Darwin
Que-3: Observe the figure given below and answer the questions that follow:
(a) What is the figure depicting ?
(b) What was the reason that the giraffe stretched their neck and forelimbs ?
(c) What is the name of the theory that is being depicted in the figure ?
(d) Who explained the theory ?
(e) What is the conclusion of this theory ?
Ans:
(a) The figure depicts evolution in Giraffe due to extensive use of neck and forelimbs.
(b) The area where giraffe fed on grasses, fell short of its ground level vegetation and therefore they had to stretch their neck and forelimbs to reach leaves of trees.
(c) Lamarck’s theory of inheritance of acquired characters
(d) Lamarck
(e) According to this theory, variations are seen in organisms due to less or overuse of organs. These variations are passed on to the offsprings. After many generation these variations become permanent feature of the organism.
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