Endocrine System ICSE Class-10 Concise Selina Biology Solutions Chapter-12. We Provide Step by Step Answer of Progress Check , MCQs, Very Short Answer Type, Short Answer Type, Descriptive Answer Type Questions and Structured / Applications / Skill Type Questions and Think and connect of Exercise-12 Endocrine System ICSE Class-10 . Visit official Website CISCE for detail information about ICSE Board Class-10.
| Board | ICSE |
| Publications | Selina Publishers PVT LTD |
| Subject | Concise Biology |
| Class | 10th |
| writer | HS Vishnoi |
| Chapter-12 | Endocrine System |
| Topics | Solutions of MCQs, Very Short ,Descriptive and Structural/Skill Questions, Think and connect and Progress check |
| Edition | 2021-2022 |
Endocrine System ICSE Class-10 Concise Selina Biology Solutions Chapter-12
-: Select Topics :-
E. STRUCTURED /APPLICATION / SKILL TYPE
F. THINK AND CONNECT
Endocrine System Selina Biology Solution for ICSE Class 10 Chapter-12
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
Page 162
Question 1
A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function
(a) Pituitary
(b) Thyroid
(c) Pancreas
(d) adrenal
Answer 1
(c) pancreas
Question 2
Exophthalmic goiter is caused due to the overactivity of
(a) thymus
(b) thyroid
(c) parathyroid
(d) adrenal cortex
Answer 2
(b) thyroid
Question 3
The deficiency of ADH causes:
(a) diabetes mellitus
(b) diabetes insipidus
(c) dwarfism
(d) acromegaly
Answer 3
(b) diabetes insipidus
Endocrine System Selina Biology Solution for ICSE Class 10 Chapter-12
B.VERY SHORT ANSWER
Page 162-163
Question 1
Name the following:
(a) The hormone produced by adrenal medulla.
(b) The condition caused by the over secretion of insulin.
(c) The hormone secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
(d) The interconnection between the two lobes of thyroid gland (technical term).
(e) The hormone whose under secretion causes more urine formation.
(f) The hormone which stimulates the entire sympathetic nervous system.
Answer 1
(a) Adrenaline
(b) Hypoglycemia
(c) Insulin
(d) Isthmus
(e) Anti-diuretic hormone (Vasopressin)
(f) Adrenaline
Question 2
What would a child suffer from, if there was hypo secretion from his thyroid?
Answer 2
If there was hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in a child; the child will suffer from cretinism. The symptoms of cretinism are dwarfism, mental retardation, etc.
Question 3
Choose the odd one out from each series:
(a) The glands – thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostate
(b) The conditions – cretinism, myxoedema, goiter, scurvy
(c) The hormones- insulin, glucagon, cretinism, thyroxine
(d) The hormonal sources – adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, cortisone, pituitary
Answer 3
(a) Prostate
(b) Scurvy
(c) Cretinism
(d) Cortisone
Question 4
Match the items of column I with those of column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Beta cells of islets of Langerhans | (a) condition due to under secretion of thyroxine in adults |
| 2. Thyroid | (b) Undersecretion of glucocorticoids |
| 3. Cretinism | (c) Exophthalmic goitre |
| 4. Addison’s disease | (d) Increases heart beat |
| 5. Hypothyroidism | (e) Thyroxine |
| 6. Myxoedema | (f) Adrenal cortex |
| 7. Adrenaline | (g) Insulin |
| 8. Cortisone | (h) Under secretion of thyroxine in a child |
Answer 4
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Beta cells of islets of Langerhans | (g) Insulin |
| 2. Thyroid | (c) Exophthalmic goitre |
| 3. Cretinism | (h) Under secretion of
thyroxine in a child |
| 4. Addison’s disease | (b) Undersecretion of glucocorticoids |
| 5. Hypothyroidism | (e) Thyroxine |
| 6. Myxoedema | (a) condition due to under secretion of thyroxine in adults |
| 7. Adrenaline | (d) Increases heart beat |
| 8. Cortisone | (f) Adrenal cortex |
Question 5
Match the conditions in column A with the cause in column B.
| A (Condition) | B (Cause) |
| (a) Dwarfism and mental retardation | i. Excess of glucose in blood |
| (b) Diabetes mellitus | ii. Over secretion of growth hormone |
| (c) Shortage of glucose in blood | iii. Insulin shock |
| (d) Gigantism | iv. Over secretion of thyroxine |
| (e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | v. Hypothyroidism |
| (f) Exophthalmic goitre | vi. Over secretion of cortical hormones |
Answer 5
| A (Condition) | B (Cause) |
| (a) Dwarfism and mental retardation | v. Hypothyroidism |
| (b) Diabetes mellitus | i. Excess of glucose in blood |
| (c) Shortage of glucose in blood | iii. Insulin shock |
| (d) Gigantism | ii. Over secretion of growth hormone |
| (e) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | vi. Over secretion of cortical hormones |
| (f) Exophthalmic goitre | iv. Over secretion of thyroxine |
Question 6
Identify the odd one in each of the following and mention what the rest are:
(a) Larynx; glucagon; testosterone; prolactin
(b) Adrenaline; penicillin; insulin; thyroxin
(c) Stomach; ileum; liver; adrenaline
(d) TSH; GH; ADH; insulin
(e) Iodine; cretinism; goiter; myxoedema
Answer 6
(a) Larynx
Reason- Larynx is the sound box while the rest three i.e. glucagon; testosterone and prolactin are hormones.
(b) Penicillin
Reason – Penicillin is an antibiotic while adrenaline; insulin; thyroxine are hormones.
(c) Adrenaline
Reason – Adrenaline is a hormone while the stomach, ileum and liver are the organs of the digestive system.
(d) Insulin
Reason- Insulin is secreted by the pancreas while TSH, GH, ADH are the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
(e) Iodine
Reason- Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. While cretinism, goitre, myxoedema are the deficiencies occur due to the deficiency of thyroxine.
Question 7
Given below are group of terms. In each group the first pair indicates the relationship between the two terms. Suggest the suitable word(s) for the fourth place.
(a) Beta cells : Insulin : : Alpha cells : ………………….
(b) Children : Cretinism : : Adults : ………………….
(c) Undersecretion : Dwarfism : : Oversecretion : ………………….
(d) Diabetes mellitus : Insulin : : Diabetes insipidus : ………………….
Answer 7
(a) Beta cells : Insulin : : Alpha cells : Glucagon.
(b) Children : Cretinism : : Adults : Myxoedema.
(c) Undersecretion : Dwarfism : : Oversecretion : Gigantism.
(d) Diabetes mellitus : Insulin : : Diabetes insipidus : Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Chapter -12 ,”Endocrine System “Selina Biology Solution for ICSE Class 10
C. SHORT ANSWER TYPE
Page 163-164
Question 1
Mention the name of diseases based on the clues/ symptoms given below:
(a) Urine is loaded with sugar.
(b) Swelling in the neck.
(c) Dwarfism and mental retardation in children.
(d) Eyes are protruded.
(e) Excessive growth of bones in the face, hands and feet.
Answer 1
(a) Hyperglycemia
(b) Simple goitre
(c) Cretinism
(d) Exophthalmic goitre
(e) Acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children
Question 2
Write the exact location of each of the following glands:
(a) Thyroid
(b) Adrenal
(c) Pancreas
(d) Pituitary
Answer 2
(a) Thyroid : It is situated in the front part of the neck just below the larynx.
(b) Adrenal : It is present as a cap on the top of each kidney.
(c) Pancreas : It is located behind the stomach in the upper left abdomen.
(d) Pituitary : It hangs from the base of the mid-brain below the hypothalamus.
Question 3
Name the following :
(a) Three hormones secreted from islets of Langerhans of pancreas.
(b) Two types of cortical hormones.
(c) Six hormones secreted from anterior pituitary.
(d) Two hormones secreted from posterior pituitary.
(e) The emergency hormone.
Answer 3
(a) Three hormones secreted from islets of Langerhans of pancreas :
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Somatostatin
(b) Two types of cortical hormones :
- Glucocorticoids
- Mineralocorticoids
(c) Six hormones secreted from anterior pituitary :
- Growth hormone (somatostatin)
- Prolactin
- Adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
(d) Two hormones secreted from posterior pituitary :
- Vasopressin
- Oxytocin
(e) The emergency hormone :
- Adrenaline
Question 4
Write the main function of each of the following hormones.
| Hormones | Functions |
| (a) Thyroxine | …………………………… |
| (b) Adrenaline | …………………………… |
| (c) Insulin | …………………………… |
| (d) Glucagon | …………………………… |
| (e) Vasopressin | …………………………… |
Answer 4
| Hormones | Functions |
| (a) Thyroxine | Regulates the basal metabolism> |
| (b) Adrenaline | Increases heart beat and blood pressure |
| (c) Insulin | Reduces the blood sugar level |
| (d) Glucagon | Increases the blood sugar level |
| (e) Vasopressin | Constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure |
Question 5
Name the hormones responsible for the given functions.
| Functions | Hormones |
| (a) Contraction of uterine muscles during child birth | …………………………… |
| (b) Maintenance of corpus luteum | …………………………… |
| (c) Milk formation and secretion | …………………………… |
| (d) Development of external sex characters in males | …………………………… |
| (e) Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system | …………………………… |
Answer 5
| Functions | Hormones |
| (a) Contraction of uterine muscles during child birth | Oxytocin |
| (b) Maintenance of corpus luteum | Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| (c) Milk formation and secretion | Prolactin |
| (d) Development of external sex characters in males | Testosterone |
| (e) Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system | Adrenaline |
Question 6
If you stand to make your maiden speech before a large audience, your mouth dries up and heart rate increases. What brings about these changes?
Answer 6
Adrenaline is the hormone which prepares the body to meet any emergency situation. Adrenaline makes the heart beat faster. At the same time, it stimulates the constriction of the arterioles of the digestive system reducing the blood supply of the digestive system which makes the mouth dry.
Question 7
Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones produced, their chief functions, the effects of over secretion and under secretion in respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1-13.
| S. No. |
Source
Gland cells |
Hormone produced | Chief function | Effect of over secretion |
Effect of under secretion |
| 1. | (1) ——– | thy- roxine |
(2) —- | (3)—- | (4)— |
| 2. | Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans | (5) —— | Promotes glucose utilization by the body cells |
(6) —- | (7) —— |
| 3. | (8) ——– | Growth hormone | (9) —- | (10) — | Dwarfism |
| 4. | (11) —— | Vaso- pressin |
Increases re- absorption of water from kidney tubules |
(12) ——- | (13) —— |
Answer 7
| S. No. |
Source
Gland cells |
Hormone produced | Chief function | Effect of over secretion |
Effect of under secretion |
| 1. | Thyroid | thyroxine | Regulates basal meta- bolism |
Exoph- thalmic goiter |
Simple goiter, cretinism in children and myxo-edema in adults |
| 2. | Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans |
Insulin | Promotes glucose utilization by the body cells |
Hypo- glycemia |
Diabetes mellitus |
| 3. | Anterior pituitary | Growth hormone | Promotes growth of the whole body |
Gigantism | Dwarfism |
| 4. | Posterior pituitary | Vaso- pressin |
Increases re-absorption of water from kidney tubule |
More concen- trated and less amount of urine |
Diabetes insipidus |
Question 8
Complete the following table by filling in the blanks numbered 1 to 7.
| Gland | Hormone secreted | Effect on body |
| (1) ———– | (2) ——- | Regulates basal metabolism |
| Pancreas (“beta” cells) | (3) ——- | Controls blood sugar |
| (4) ———— | (5) ——– | Increases heart beat |
| (6) ———— | Thyroid stimulating hormone | (7) ———— |
Answer 8
| Gland | Hormone secreted | Effect on body |
| Thyroid | Thyroxine | Regulates basal metabolism |
| Pancreas (“beta” cells) | Insulin | Controls blood sugar level |
| Adrenal gland | Adrenaline | Increases heart beat |
| Anterior pituitary | Thyroid stimulating hormone | Stimulates thyroxine secretion |
Question 9
Complete the following table by filling in the blank spaces numbered 1 to 8.
| Gland | Secretions | Effect on body |
| (1)—– | oestrogen | (2) — |
| Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans |
(3) — | (4) — |
| (5) —- | (6) — | Protruding eyes |
| (7) — | (8) — | Gigantism |
Answer 9
| Gland | Secretions | Effect on body |
| Ovary | oestrogen | development of secondary sexual characteristics |
| Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans | Glucagon | Raises blood sugar level |
| Thyroid | Hypersecretion of thyroxine | Protruding eyes |
| Anterior pituitary | Hypersecretion of Growth hormone | Gigantism |
Selina Biology Solution for ICSE Class 10 Chapter-12-Endocrine System
D. DESCRIPTIVE ANSWER TYPE
Page 164
Question 1
Define the following terms:
(a) Endocrine system
(b) Hormones
(c) Myxoedema
Answer 1
(a) Endocrine system : Endocrine system consists of several endocrine glands/glandular cells which activate each other and work as a system to bring about chemical coordination in the body.
(b) Hormones : Hormones are secretions from specific cells or glands in the body, which are carried to all body parts through the blood, but exert their effect only on one or more specific body parts (target organ or cells).
(c) Myxoedema : Myxoedema is a condition which occurs in adults due to hypothyroidism in which the person becomes sluggish with swelling of the face and hands.
Question 2
Distinguish between the following pairs :
(a) Exocrine and endocrine glands (manner of secretion)
(b) Enzymes and hormones (chemical composition and mode of action)
(c) Nervous control and hormonal control (transmission and effect)
(d) Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (cause and symptoms)
(e) Addison’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome (cause and sugar level)
Answer 2
(a) Differences between exocrine and endocrine glands (manner of secretion):
| Exocrine glands | Endocrine glands |
| Secretions are carried through special ducts. | Secretions are poured directly into the blood. |
(b) Differences between enzymes and hormones (chemical composition and mode of action) :
| Enzymes | Hormones |
| Enzymes are protein in nature. | Hormones are peptides, amines or steroids. |
| Enzymes are substrate specific. These are present in all cells and show their activity there | Hormones are specific to the target cell, tissue, or system. They are produced at one site and show their activities at other sites. |
(c) Differences between nervous control and hormonal control (transmission and effect) :
| Nervous control | Hormonal control |
| Transmitted electro-chemically through nerve fibres and chemically across synapses. | Transmitted chemically through blood. |
| Effect is only short-lived. | Effect is short term or long lasting. |
(d) Differences between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (cause and symptoms) :
| Diabetes mellitus | Diabetes insipidus |
| Caused due to insufficient secretion of insulin. | Caused due to insufficient secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) |
| High concentration of sugar in blood. | No sugar in urine |
(e) Differences between Addison’s disease and Cushing’s syndrome (cause and sugar level) :
| Addison’s disease | Cushing’s syndrome |
| Caused due to hyposecretion of cortisone | Caused due to hypersecretion of cortisone |
| Low blood sugar level | High blood sugar level |
Question 3
Give reason :
(a) Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone.
(b) Pituitary is popularly called as the master gland.
(c) People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre.
(d) Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodised salt in food.
Answer 3
(a) Adrenaline is often described as the emergency hormone because it prepares the body to meet any emergency situation, for fight and face the danger or flight and run away from it. More adrenaline is secreted which makes the heart beat faster, increases the breathing, releases more glucose into the blood stream to fulfill the energy requirement.
(b) Pituitary is popularly called as the master gland because it controls the functioning of all the other endocrine glands.
(c) People living in the low Himalayan hilly regions often suffer from goitre because iodine is deficient in soil and hence, in the food grown there. Insufficient iodine produces less thyroxine which results in goitre.
(d) Iodised salt contains iodine which is an active ingredient in the production of thyroxine. Hence, it is recommended to use iodised salt in food to prevent simple goitre.
Question 4
Do you agree with the statement- “All hormones are chemical signals”? Yes/No. Justify your answer.
Answer 4
Chemically hormones are peptides, amines or steroids. They are involved in regulating the metabolism of the body. They can bring about specific chemical changes during metabolic process. Therefore hormones can be termed as ‘chemical messengers’.
Endocrine System Selina Biology Solution for ICSE Class 10 Chapter-12
E. STRUCTURED/APPLICATION/SKILL
Page 164-165
Question 1
Study the diagram given below and then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Name the cells of the pancreas that produce (1) glucagon (2) insulin.
(b) State the main function of (1) glucagon and (2) insulin.
(c) Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?
(d) Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body?
(e) What is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas that produce endocrine hormones?
(f) Where in the body is the pancreas located?
Answer 1
(a) Glucagon: Alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans
Insulin: Beta cells of the islets of Langerhan
(b) Insulin: It maintains the levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Glucagon: It raises the blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.
(c) An endocrine gland is one which does not pour its secretions into a duct, while an exocrine gland is a gland which pours its secretions into a duct. Because the pancreas produces hormones such as insulin, glucagon and somatostatin directly into the blood and not into a duct, it functions as an endocrine gland. Because it secretes the pancreatic juices for digestion via a duct, it functions as an exocrine gland. Hence, the pancreas is an exo-endocrine gland.
(d) Insulin is not administered orally because the digestive juices degrade insulin, and thus the insulin is ineffective in the body.
(e) Islets of Langerhans
(f) The pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach.
Question 2
Given below is a portion from the human body showing some important structure in ventral (front) view.
(a) Where is this portion located in the body?
(b) Name the structures numbered 1-3.
(c) State one main function of each of the structures named above.
(d) Is there any duct to carry the secretions from the structure numbered 2 ? If so, give its name.
Answer 2
(a) This portion is located in the neck region above the sternum.
(b) 1- Larynx, 2 – Thyroid gland, 3 – Trachea
(c) Larynx is the voice box containing vocal cords. It helps in producing sound.
Thyroid gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin which are essential hormones.
Trachea is the wind pipe that helps in passing air to and from the respiratory system while breathing.
(d) Structure 2 is the thyroid gland. It is an endocrine gland, so it is ductless and pours its secretions directly into the blood. Hence, there is no duct.
Question 3
Given below is an outline diagram of human body showing position of certain organs.
(a) Name the parts numbered 1 to 4.
(b) What is common to all these parts in regard to the nature of their functions?
(c) Name the nutrient element which is essential for the normal working of part 2.
Answer 3
(a) 1- Pituitary gland, 2 – thyroid gland, 3 – pancreas, 4 – adrenal glands
(b) All the glands shown in the above diagram are endocrine glands. They secrete essential hormones and pour their secretions directly into the blood.
(c) Iodine is essential for the normal working of thyroxine.
Question 4
Given below are two diagrams (one is correct, the other one is somewhat incorrect) showing the transport of a hormone from its source gland/cell to the target organ/cell.
(a) Which one has the error- A or B?
(b) What is the error?
Answer 4
(a) A
(b) Hormone secreted by the endocrine gland is shown in the image A to be moving only in one direction i.e. towards the target organ. But actually the hormones poured into the blood stream may have one or more target sites at a time. The arrows shown are carried to all parts by the blood and their effect is produced only in one or more specific parts.
Endocrine System Selina Biology Solution for ICSE Class 10 Chapter-12
F. THINK AND CONNECT
Page 165
Question 1
Compare the hormonal response with the nervous response with respect to their speed, transmission and general nature of changes brought about.
Answer 1
| Hormonal Response | Nervous Response |
| Hormonal response is slow. | Nervous response is immediate. |
| Hormones are chemical messengers transmitted through blood stream. | Nerve impulses are transmitted in the form of electro-chemical responses through nerve fibres. |
| This response brings about a specific chemical changes. Therefore it regulates the metabolism. | This response does not bring any chemical change during metabolism. |
Question 2
Mention three important differences between the action of hormones and that of nerves in the regulatory mechanism of our body.
Answer 2
| Action of Hormones | Action of Nerves |
| Cannot be modified by the previous learning experiences. | Can be modified by the previous learning experiences. |
| The effect of hormones can be short-lived or long lasting. | The effect of nervous response is always short-lived. |
| The effect of hormones is wide spread in the body. They can show their effect on more than one target site at a time. | The nerve response affects only particular glands. |
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