Goyal Brother Seed Structure Types and Germination ICSE Class-9 Biology Ch-6

Goyal Brother Seed Structure Types and Germination ICSE Class-9 Biology Ch-6. We Provide Solutions of Exercise-6 Seed Structure Types and Germination Goyal Brother Prakashan ICSE Class-9 Ch-6. The solution contain All Type exercise question such as define the following and figure based. Visit official Website CISCE  for detail information about ICSE Board Class-9.

ICSE Class-9 Biology Ch-6 Goyal Brother Seed Structure Types and Germination

Board	ICSE
Publications	Goyal Brother Prakashan
Subject	Biology
Class	9th
Writer	Dr. S.K. Aggarwal
Chapter-6	Seed Structure Types and Germination
Topics	Solutions of  Exercises-6
Edition	for 2022-2023 Academic Session

ICSE Class-9 Biology Solutions Ch-6 Seed Structure Types and Germination Goyal Brother Prakashan

(Page-65)

Questions 1. Define the following:

(i) Embryo— embryo, the early developmental stage of an animal while it is in the egg or within the uterus of the mother. In humans the term is applied to the unborn child until the end of the seventh week following conception; from the eighth week the unborn child is called a fetus. first stages of human development.

(ii) Exalbuminous seed—Seeds that possess a special food storage tissue called the endosperm are said to be albuminous and those which have no such tissue for storage are said to be exalbuminous or non-endospermic.

(iii) Germination—The process of seed germination includes the following five changes or steps: imbibition, respiration, effect of light on seed germination, mobilization of reserves during seed germination, and role of growth regulators and development of the embryo axis into a seedling.

(iv) Seed dormancy—Seed dormancy allows seeds to overcome periods that are unfavourable for seedling established and is therefore important for plant ecology and agriculture. Several processes are known to be involved in the induction of dormancy and in the switch from the dormant to the germinating state

Questions 2. Mention the functions of the following parts:

(i) Coleoptile– It protects the shoot tip and embryonic leaves.

(ii) Celeorrhiza– In some plants, the radicle (embryonic root)in the seed is protected by the Coleorhiza. During germination, Coleorhiza acts as a defense layer for the root and the root cap.

(iii) Aleurone layer– Aleurone cells are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of a range of hydrolytic enzymes that break down endosperm compounds providing nutrients for the growing barley embryo.

(iv) Micropyle– The micropyle helps to absorb water at the time of germination of the seed. It is through this micropyle that the root emerges at the time of germination of the seed. The opening of the micropyle allows the pollen to enter the ovule for fertilization.

(v) Endosperm– The endosperm plays an important role in supporting embryonic growth by supplying nutrients, protecting the embryo and controlling embryo growth by acting as a mechanical barrier during seed development and germination.

(vi) Plumule– Plumule is the part of the embryo, which helps in the development of the shoot system, consisting of stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Plumule provides food for the growing embryonic plant through the biological process of photosynthesis.

Questions 3. Differentiate between the following:

(i) Epicotyl and hypocotyl

Hypocotyl	Epicotyl
It terminates with the radicle	It terminates with the plumule
Hypocotyl lifts the seed above the earth during epigeal germination.	Epicotyl pushes the plumule above the earth during hypogeal germination.

(ii) Radicle and plumule

Radicle	Plumule
Definition
It is the embryonic root of the plant.	It is the embryonic shoot of the plant.
Direction of Growing
It grows downwards into the soil.	It grows upwards into the air.

(iii) Bean Seed and Maize seed.

Maize grain	Bean seed
Maize grain is monocot.	Bean seed is dicot.
Endosperm present in spaces.	Endosperm is absent between when the bean matures.

Questions 4. Describe the structure of a seed.

Answer : A seed is made up of a seed coat and an embryo. The embryo is made up of a radicle, an embryonal axis and one (wheat, maize) or two cotyledons (gram and pea). A seed is found inside a fruit which converts into a new plant when we plant it. Hence, the seed is the most important part.

Questions 5. What conditions are essential for seed germination? Describe their importance.

Answer : All seeds need water, oxygen, and proper temperature in order to germinate. Some seeds require proper light also. Some germinate better in full light while others require darkness to germinate. When a seed is exposed to the proper conditions, water and oxygen are taken in through the seed coat.

Questions 6. Differentiate between hypogeal and epigeal germination.

Answer :  Epigeal germination refers to the germination of a plant that takes place above the ground while hypogeal germination refers to the germination of a plant that takes place below the ground.

Questions 7. Give two examples each of the following types of seeds:

(i) Dicotyledonous albuminous seed.– castor, papaya.

(ii) Dicotyledonous exalbuminous seed.– The dicotyledonous exalbuminous seeds are mango and mustard. The monocot exalbuminous seeds are vallisneria and orchid.

(iii) Monocotyledonous albuminous seed.– Rice, wheat, and millets are monocot seeds that are also albuminous.

Questions 8. How would you demonstrate that oxygen and water are necessary for seeds to germinate?

Answer : Place the slide in the beaker containing water in such a way that the seed at top is above the water, the middle seed is at the water level and the third seed is submerged in water. Observation: The top seed does not germinate as it gets oxygen but no water. The middle seed germinates as it gets both oxygen and water.

Questions 9. Why does a farmer plough his field and makes soil loose before sowing seeds?

Answer : Plowing makes soil porous which helps the water to penetrate deeper and retain moisture for longer times. This process helps to germinate easily and spread roots deep. It helps the plant to absorb the required nutrients and moisture from the deeper parts of the soil.

Questions 10. Draw labelled diagrams showing the structure of the following seeds:

(i) Kidney Bean

(ii) Maize grain

Questions 11. Outline the stages in the germination of following seeds with the help of labelled diagrams:

(i) Kidney Bean seed—Stages in the germination

• Legume Types. Dry edible. …
• Emergence & Early Vegetative Growth. VE • Hypocotyl has emerged from soil (crook stage) …
• Branching & Rapid Vegetative Growth. V4 • 4th trifoliolate unfolded at node 6 + branching. …
• Flowering & Pod Formation. R1 • One open flower (early flower) on the plant. …
• Podfill & Maturation.

(ii) Maize grain— Stages in the germination

The process of seed germination includes the following five changes or steps: imbibition, respiration, effect of light on seed germination, mobilization of reserves during seed germination, and role of growth regulators and development of the embryo axis into a seedling.

Questions 12. Observe the figure given below and answer the following:

(i) Label the parts marked 1-5.

Ans– 1. cotyledon 2. plumule 3. epicotyl 4. hypocotyl 5. radicle

(ii) Identify whether the given seed is a monocot seed or a dicot one. Give one reason in support of your answer.

Ans– dicot because of two leaves inside the seed coat.

Questions 13. Observe the given figure and answer the following:

(i) Identify the given seed as monocot or dicot.

Ans– monocot.

(ii) Give one reason in support of your answer.

Ans– because of endosperm.

(iii) Label the parts marked 1-7.

Ans– 1. pericarp 2. endosperm 3. coleoptile 4. plumule 5. cotyledon 6. radicle 7. coleorrizha

Questions 14. Observe the figure given below and answer the following:

 

(i) What does the given figure show?

Ans– epigeal germination

(ii) Label the parts marked 1- 5.

Ans– 1. radicle 2. cotyledon 3. hypocotyl 4. cotyledon 5. foliage leaves.

(iii) Name one plant in which this takes place.

Ans– bean seed.

–: End of Goyal Brother Seed Structure Types and Germination ICSE Class-9 Biology Ch-6 :–

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